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== 摘要 ==
* '''原文标题'''：Femtosecond-and-atom-resolved solvation dynamics of a Na$^+$ ion in a helium nanodroplet
* '''中文标题'''：氦纳米液滴中钠离子的飞秒和原子级分辨溶剂化动力学
* '''发布日期'''：2025-02-17 13:17:09+00:00
* '''作者'''：Simon H. Albrechtsen, Jeppe K. Christensen, Christian E. Petersen, Constant A. Schouder, Pedro Javier Carchi-Villalta, Iker Sánchez-Pérez, Massimiliano Bartolomei, Tomás González-Lezana, Fernando Pirani, Henrik Stapelfeldt
* '''分类'''：physics.atm-clus
*'''原文链接'''：http://arxiv.org/abs/2502.11783v1
'''原文摘要'''：Recently, it was shown how the primary steps of solvation of a single Na$^+$
ion, instantly created at the surface of a nanometer-sized droplet of liquid
helium, can be followed at the atomic level [Albrectsen et al. Nature
$\textbf{623}$, 319 (2023)]. This involved measuring, with femtosecond time
resolution, the gradual attachment of individual He atoms to the Na$^+$ ion as
well as the energy dissipated from the local region of the ion. In the current
work, we provide a more comprehensive and detailed description of the
experimental findings of the solvation dynamics, and present an improved
Poisson-statistical analysis of the time-resovled yields of the solvation
complexes, Na$^+$He$_n$. For droplets containing an average of 5200 He atoms,
this analysis gives a binding rate of $1.84\pm0.09$ atoms/ps for the binding of
the first five He atoms to the Na$^+$ ion. Also, thanks to accurate heoretical
values for the evaporation energies of the Na$^+$He$_n$ complexes, obtained by
Path Integral Monte Carlo methos using a new potential energy surface presented
here for the first time, we improved the determination of the time-dependent
removal of the solvation energy from the region around the sodium ion. We find
that it follows Newton's law of cooling for the first 6 ps. Measurements were
carried out for three different average droplet sizes, $\langle N_D\rangle = $
9000, 5200 and 3600 helium atoms, and differences between these results are
discussed.
'''中文摘要'''：最近的研究展示了如何在原子水平上跟踪单个[[Na$^+$离子]]在纳米级[[液氦]]液滴表面瞬间形成时的[[溶剂化]]初始步骤 [Albrectsen et al. Nature $\textbf{623}$, 319 (2023)]。这包括以飞秒时间分辨率测量单个[[He原子]]逐渐附着到[[Na$^+$离子]]的过程，以及从离子局部区域耗散的能量。在当前的工作中，我们提供了对[[溶剂化动力学]]实验结果的更全面和详细的描述，并对[[溶剂化复合物]]Na$^+$He$_n$的时间分辨产率进行了改进的[[泊松统计分析]]。对于平均含有5200个[[He原子]]的液滴，该分析得出前五个[[He原子]]与[[Na$^+$离子]]结合的结合速率为$1.84\pm0.09$原子/皮秒。此外，得益于通过[[路径积分蒙特卡罗方法]]获得的新[[势能面]]，我们首次获得了Na$^+$He$_n$复合物的[[蒸发能量]]的精确理论值，从而改进了对[[钠离子]]周围区域[[溶剂化能量]]随时间去除的测定。我们发现，在前6皮秒内，它遵循[[牛顿冷却定律]]。测量在三种不同平均液滴尺寸下进行，$\langle N_D\rangle = $ 9000、5200和3600个[[氦原子]]，并讨论了这些结果之间的差异。