WikiEdge:ArXiv速递/2025-03-04

摘要

• 原文标题：The subpath number of cactus graphs
• 中文标题：仙人掌图的子路径数
• 发布日期：2025-03-04 14:55:49+00:00
• 作者：Martin Knor, Jelena Sedlar, Riste Škrekovski, Yu Yang
• 分类：math.CO, 05C30, 05C38
• 原文链接：http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.02683v1

原文摘要：The subpath number of a graph G is defined as the total number of subpaths in G, and it is closely related to the number of subtrees, a well-studied topic in graph theory. This paper is a continuation of our previous paper [5], where we investigated the subpath number and identified extremal graphs within the classes of trees, unicyclic graphs, bipartite graphs, and cycle chains. Here, we focus on the subpath number of cactus graphs and characterize all maximal and minimal cacti with n vertices and k cycles. We prove that maximal cacti are cycle chains in which all interior cycles are triangles, while the two end-cycles differ in length by at most one. In contrast, minimal cacti consist of k triangles, all sharing a common vertex, with the remaining vertices forming a tree attached to this joint vertex. By comparing extremal cacti with respect to the subpath number to those that are extremal for the subtree number and the Wiener index, we demonstrate that the subpath number does not correlate with either of these quantities, as their corresponding extremal graphs differ. 中文摘要：图的子路径数定义为图中所有子路径的总数，它与子树数密切相关，后者是图论中一个被广泛研究的主题。本文是我们之前论文[5]的延续，在那篇论文中我们研究了子路径数，并在树、单环图、二分图和环链等图类中识别了极值图。本文中，我们专注于仙人掌图的子路径数，并刻画了所有具有n个顶点和k个环的极大和极小仙人掌图。我们证明了极大仙人掌图是环链，其中所有内部环都是三角形，而两个端环的长度最多相差一。相反，极小仙人掌图由k个三角形组成，这些三角形共享一个公共顶点，其余顶点形成一个附着于该公共顶点的树。通过比较子路径数的极值仙人掌图与子树数和维纳指数的极值图，我们证明了子路径数与这两个量不相关，因为它们的极值图不同。

摘要

• 原文标题：Enhancing the charging performance of an atomic quantum battery
• 中文标题：提升原子量子电池的充电性能
• 发布日期：2025-03-04 15:46:20+00:00
• 作者：Ming-Liang Hu, Ting Gao, Heng Fan
• 分类：quant-ph
• 原文链接：http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.02727v1

原文摘要：We study a quantum battery (QB) model composed of two atoms, where the charger and battery elements are coupled to a multimode vacuum field that serves as a mediator for energy transfer. Different figures of merit such as ergotropy, charging time, and charging efficiency are analyzed, putting emphasis on the role of various control parameters on the charging performance. It is found that there is a range of angle between the transition dipole moments and interatomic axis in which the QB can be charged. The optimal charging performance is achieved if the atomic dipole moments are perpendicular or parallel to the interatomic axis. The charging performance also improves with the decrease of the interatomic distance. Besides, the charged ergotropy can be enhanced by increasing the initial ergotropy of the charger and it is beneficial to charge the QB starting from a passive state. 中文摘要：我们研究了一个由两个原子组成的量子电池（QB）模型，其中充电器和电池元件耦合到一个多模真空场，该场作为能量转移的媒介。我们分析了诸如功容量、充电时间和充电效率等不同的性能指标，重点研究了各种控制参数对充电性能的影响。研究发现，在过渡偶极矩和原子间轴之间存在一定角度范围内，量子电池可以被充电。如果原子偶极矩垂直于或平行于原子间轴，则可以实现最佳充电性能。充电性能还随着原子间距离的减小而提高。此外，通过增加充电器的初始功容量可以增强充电后的功容量，并且从被动状态开始充电对量子电池是有益的。

摘要

• 原文标题：First Measurement of the Decay Dynamics in the Semileptonic Transition of the $D^{+(0)}$ into the Axial-vector Meson $\bar K_1(1270)$
• 中文标题：$D^{+(0)}$ 到轴矢量介子 $\bar K_1(1270)$ 的半轻衰变中衰变动力学的首次测量
• 发布日期：2025-03-04 02:09:02+00:00
• 作者：BESIII Collaboration, M. Ablikim, M. N. Achasov, P. Adlarson, X. C. Ai, R. Aliberti, A. Amoroso, Q. An, Y. Bai, O. Bakina, Y. Ban, H. -R. Bao, V. Batozskaya, K. Begzsuren, N. Berger, M. Berlowski, M. Bertani, D. Bettoni, F. Bianchi, E. Bianco, A. Bortone, I. Boyko, R. A. Briere, A. Brueggemann, H. Cai, M. H. Cai, X. Cai, A. Calcaterra, G. F. Cao, N. Cao, S. A. Cetin, X. Y. Chai, J. F. Chang, G. R. Che, Y. Z. Che, G. Chelkov, C. H. Chen, Chao Chen, G. Chen, H. S. Chen, H. Y. Chen, M. L. Chen, S. J. Chen, S. L. Chen, S. M. Chen, T. Chen, X. R. Chen, X. T. Chen, Y. B. Chen, Y. Q. Chen, Z. J. Chen, Z. K. Chen, S. K. Choi, X. Chu, G. Cibinetto, F. Cossio, J. J. Cui, H. L. Dai, J. P. Dai, A. Dbeyssi, R. E. de Boer, D. Dedovich, C. Q. Deng, Z. Y. Deng, A. Denig, I. Denysenko, M. Destefanis, F. De Mori, B. Ding, X. X. Ding, Y. Ding, Y. Ding, Y. X. Ding, J. Dong, L. Y. Dong, M. Y. Dong, X. Dong, M. C. Du, S. X. Du, S. X. Du, Y. Y. Duan, Z. H. Duan, P. Egorov, G. F. Fan, J. J. Fan, Y. H. Fan, J. Fang, J. Fang, S. S. Fang, W. X. Fang, Y. Q. Fang, R. Farinelli, L. Fava, F. Feldbauer, G. Felici, C. Q. Feng, J. H. Feng, Y. T. Feng, M. Fritsch, C. D. Fu, J. L. Fu, Y. W. Fu, H. Gao, X. B. Gao, Y. N. Gao, Y. N. Gao, Y. Y. Gao, Yang Gao, S. Garbolino, I. Garzia, P. T. Ge, Z. W. Ge, C. Geng, E. M. Gersabeck, A. Gilman, K. Goetzen, J. D. Gong, L. Gong, W. X. Gong, W. Gradl, S. Gramigna, M. Greco, M. H. Gu, Y. T. Gu, C. Y. Guan, A. Q. Guo, L. B. Guo, M. J. Guo, R. P. Guo, Y. P. Guo, A. Guskov, J. Gutierrez, K. L. Han, T. T. Han, F. Hanisch, K. D. Hao, X. Q. Hao, F. A. Harris, K. K. He, K. L. He, F. H. Heinsius, C. H. Heinz, Y. K. Heng, C. Herold, T. Holtmann, P. C. Hong, G. Y. Hou, X. T. Hou, Y. R. Hou, Z. L. Hou, H. M. Hu, J. F. Hu, Q. P. Hu, S. L. Hu, T. Hu, Y. Hu, Z. M. Hu, G. S. Huang, K. X. Huang, L. Q. Huang, P. Huang, X. T. Huang, Y. P. Huang, Y. S. Huang, T. Hussain, N. Hüsken, N. in der Wiesche, J. Jackson, S. Janchiv, Q. Ji, Q. P. Ji, W. Ji, X. B. Ji, X. L. Ji, Y. Y. Ji, Z. K. Jia, D. Jiang, H. B. Jiang, P. C. Jiang, S. J. Jiang, T. J. Jiang, X. S. Jiang, Y. Jiang, J. B. Jiao, J. K. Jiao, Z. Jiao, S. Jin, Y. Jin, M. Q. Jing, X. M. Jing, T. Johansson, S. Kabana, N. Kalantar-Nayestanaki, X. L. Kang, X. S. Kang, M. Kavatsyuk, B. C. Ke, V. Khachatryan, A. Khoukaz, R. Kiuchi, O. B. Kolcu, B. Kopf, M. Kuessner, X. Kui, N. Kumar, A. Kupsc, W. Kühn, Q. Lan, W. N. Lan, T. T. Lei, M. Lellmann, T. Lenz, C. Li, C. Li, C. H. Li, C. K. Li, Cheng Li, D. M. Li, F. Li, G. Li, H. B. Li, H. J. Li, H. N. Li, Hui Li, J. R. Li, J. S. Li, K. Li, K. L. Li, K. L. Li, L. J. Li, Lei Li, M. H. Li, M. R. Li, P. L. Li, P. R. Li, Q. M. Li, Q. X. Li, R. Li, T. Li, T. Y. Li, W. D. Li, W. G. Li, X. Li, X. H. Li, X. L. Li, X. Y. Li, X. Z. Li, Y. Li, Y. G. Li, Y. P. Li, Z. J. Li, Z. Y. Li, C. Liang, H. Liang, Y. F. Liang, Y. T. Liang, G. R. Liao, L. B. Liao, M. H. Liao, Y. P. Liao, J. Libby, A. Limphirat, C. C. Lin, C. X. Lin, D. X. Lin, L. Q. Lin, T. Lin, B. J. Liu, B. X. Liu, C. Liu, C. X. Liu, F. Liu, F. H. Liu, Feng Liu, G. M. Liu, H. Liu, H. B. Liu, H. H. Liu, H. M. Liu, Huihui Liu, J. B. Liu, J. J. Liu, K. Liu, K. Liu, K. Y. Liu, Ke Liu, L. Liu, L. C. Liu, Lu Liu, P. L. Liu, Q. Liu, S. B. Liu, T. Liu, W. K. Liu, W. M. Liu, W. T. Liu, X. Liu, X. Liu, X. Y. Liu, Y. Liu, Y. Liu, Y. Liu, Y. B. Liu, Z. A. Liu, Z. D. Liu, Z. Q. Liu, X. C. Lou, F. X. Lu, H. J. Lu, J. G. Lu, Y. Lu, Y. H. Lu, Y. P. Lu, Z. H. Lu, C. L. Luo, J. R. Luo, J. S. Luo, M. X. Luo, T. Luo, X. L. Luo, Z. Y. Lv, X. R. Lyu, Y. F. Lyu, Y. H. Lyu, F. C. Ma, H. Ma, H. L. Ma, J. L. Ma, L. L. Ma, L. R. Ma, Q. M. Ma, R. Q. Ma, R. Y. Ma, T. Ma, X. T. Ma, X. Y. Ma, Y. M. Ma, F. E. Maas, I. MacKay, M. Maggiora, S. Malde, Y. J. Mao, Z. P. Mao, S. Marcello, F. M. Melendi, Y. H. Meng, Z. X. Meng, J. G. Messchendorp, G. Mezzadri, H. Miao, T. J. Min, R. E. Mitchell, X. H. Mo, B. Moses, N. Yu. Muchnoi, J. Muskalla, Y. Nefedov, F. Nerling, L. S. Nie, I. B. Nikolaev, Z. Ning, S. Nisar, Q. L. Niu, W. D. Niu, S. L. Olsen, Q. Ouyang, S. Pacetti, X. Pan, Y. Pan, A. Pathak, Y. P. Pei, M. Pelizaeus, H. P. Peng, Y. Y. Peng, K. Peters, J. L. Ping, R. G. Ping, S. Plura, V. Prasad, F. Z. Qi, H. R. Qi, M. Qi, S. Qian, W. B. Qian, C. F. Qiao, J. H. Qiao, J. J. Qin, J. L. Qin, L. Q. Qin, L. Y. Qin, P. B. Qin, X. P. Qin, X. S. Qin, Z. H. Qin, J. F. Qiu, Z. H. Qu, C. F. Redmer, A. Rivetti, M. Rolo, G. Rong, S. S. Rong, F. Rosini, Ch. Rosner, M. Q. Ruan, N. Salone, A. Sarantsev, Y. Schelhaas, K. Schoenning, M. Scodeggio, K. Y. Shan, W. Shan, X. Y. Shan, Z. J. Shang, J. F. Shangguan, L. G. Shao, M. Shao, C. P. Shen, H. F. Shen, W. H. Shen, X. Y. Shen, B. A. Shi, H. Shi, J. L. Shi, J. Y. Shi, S. Y. Shi, X. Shi, H. L. Song, J. J. Song, T. Z. Song, W. M. Song, Y. X. Song, S. Sosio, S. Spataro, F. Stieler, S. S Su, Y. J. Su, G. B. Sun, G. X. Sun, H. Sun, H. K. Sun, J. F. Sun, K. Sun, L. Sun, S. S. Sun, T. Sun, Y. C. Sun, Y. H. Sun, Y. J. Sun, Y. Z. Sun, Z. Q. Sun, Z. T. Sun, C. J. Tang, G. Y. Tang, J. Tang, L. F. Tang, M. Tang, Y. A. Tang, L. Y. Tao, M. Tat, J. X. Teng, J. Y. Tian, W. H. Tian, Y. Tian, Z. F. Tian, I. Uman, B. Wang, B. Wang, Bo Wang, C. Wang, Cong Wang, D. Y. Wang, H. J. Wang, J. J. Wang, K. Wang, L. L. Wang, L. W. Wang, M. Wang, M. Wang, N. Y. Wang, S. Wang, T. Wang, T. J. Wang, W. Wang, W. Wang, W. P. Wang, X. Wang, X. F. Wang, X. J. Wang, X. L. Wang, X. N. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. D. Wang, Y. F. Wang, Y. H. Wang, Y. L. Wang, Y. N. Wang, Y. Q. Wang, Yaqian Wang, Yi Wang, Yuan Wang, Z. Wang, Z. L. Wang, Z. L. Wang, Z. Q. Wang, Z. Y. Wang, D. H. Wei, H. R. Wei, F. Weidner, S. P. Wen, Y. R. Wen, U. Wiedner, G. Wilkinson, M. Wolke, C. Wu, J. F. Wu, L. H. Wu, L. J. Wu, Lianjie Wu, S. G. Wu, S. M. Wu, X. Wu, X. H. Wu, Y. J. Wu, Z. Wu, L. Xia, X. M. Xian, B. H. Xiang, T. Xiang, D. Xiao, G. Y. Xiao, H. Xiao, Y. L. Xiao, Z. J. Xiao, C. Xie, K. J. Xie, X. H. Xie, Y. Xie, Y. G. Xie, Y. H. Xie, Z. P. Xie, T. Y. Xing, C. F. Xu, C. J. Xu, G. F. Xu, H. Y. Xu, H. Y. Xu, M. Xu, Q. J. Xu, Q. N. Xu, T. D. Xu, W. L. Xu, X. P. Xu, Y. Xu, Y. Xu, Y. C. Xu, Z. S. Xu, H. Y. Yan, L. Yan, W. B. Yan, W. C. Yan, W. P. Yan, X. Q. Yan, H. J. Yang, H. L. Yang, H. X. Yang, J. H. Yang, R. J. Yang, T. Yang, Y. Yang, Y. F. Yang, Y. H. Yang, Y. Q. Yang, Y. X. Yang, Y. Z. Yang, M. Ye, M. H. Ye, Z. J. Ye, Junhao Yin, Z. Y. You, B. X. Yu, C. X. Yu, G. Yu, J. S. Yu, M. C. Yu, T. Yu, X. D. Yu, Y. C. Yu, C. Z. Yuan, H. Yuan, J. Yuan, J. Yuan, L. Yuan, S. C. Yuan, Y. Yuan, Z. Y. Yuan, C. X. Yue, Ying Yue, A. A. Zafar, S. H. Zeng, X. Zeng, Y. Zeng, Y. J. Zeng, Y. J. Zeng, X. Y. Zhai, Y. H. Zhan, A. Q. Zhang, B. L. Zhang, B. X. Zhang, D. H. Zhang, G. Y. Zhang, G. Y. Zhang, H. Zhang, H. Zhang, H. C. Zhang, H. H. Zhang, H. Q. Zhang, H. R. Zhang, H. Y. Zhang, J. Zhang, J. Zhang, J. J. Zhang, J. L. Zhang, J. Q. Zhang, J. S. Zhang, J. W. Zhang, J. X. Zhang, J. Y. Zhang, J. Z. Zhang, Jianyu Zhang, L. M. Zhang, Lei Zhang, N. Zhang, P. Zhang, Q. Zhang, Q. Y. Zhang, R. Y. Zhang, S. H. Zhang, Shulei Zhang, X. M. Zhang, X. Y Zhang, X. Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. T. Zhang, Y. H. Zhang, Y. M. Zhang, Z. D. Zhang, Z. H. Zhang, Z. L. Zhang, Z. L. Zhang, Z. X. Zhang, Z. Y. Zhang, Z. Y. Zhang, Z. Z. Zhang, Zh. Zh. Zhang, G. Zhao, J. Y. Zhao, J. Z. Zhao, L. Zhao, Lei Zhao, M. G. Zhao, N. Zhao, R. P. Zhao, S. J. Zhao, Y. B. Zhao, Y. L. Zhao, Y. X. Zhao, Z. G. Zhao, A. Zhemchugov, B. Zheng, B. M. Zheng, J. P. Zheng, W. J. Zheng, X. R. Zheng, Y. H. Zheng, B. Zhong, X. Zhong, H. Zhou, J. Q. Zhou, J. Y. Zhou, S. Zhou, X. Zhou, X. K. Zhou, X. R. Zhou, X. Y. Zhou, Y. Z. Zhou, Z. C. Zhou, A. N. Zhu, J. Zhu, K. Zhu, K. J. Zhu, K. S. Zhu, L. Zhu, L. X. Zhu, S. H. Zhu, T. J. Zhu, W. D. Zhu, W. D. Zhu, W. J. Zhu, W. Z. Zhu, Y. C. Zhu, Z. A. Zhu, X. Y. Zhuang, J. H. Zou, J. Zu
• 分类：hep-ex
• 原文链接：http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.02196v1

原文摘要：Using $e^+e^-$ collision data taken at the center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb$^{-1}$, we report the first amplitude and angular analyses of the semileptonic decays $D^{+(0)}\to K^-\pi^+\pi^{0(-)} e^+\nu_e$. From the amplitude analysis, we determine for the first time the hadronic form factors of the semileptonic $D$ decays into the axial-vector meson $\bar{K}_1(1270)$ to be $r_A=(-11.2\pm1.0\pm0.9)\times10^{-2}$ and $r_V = (-4.3\pm 1.0\pm2.4)\times 10^{-2}$. The angular analysis yields an up-down asymmetry $\mathcal{A}^\prime_{ud} = 0.01\pm0.11$, which is consistent with the Standard Model prediction. 中文摘要：使用BESIII探测器在3.773 GeV质心能量下采集的$e^+e^-$对撞数据，对应积分亮度为20.3 fb$^{-1}$，我们首次报告了半轻子衰变$D^{+(0)}\to K^-\pi^+\pi^{0(-)} e^+\nu_e$的振幅和角分布分析。通过振幅分析，我们首次确定了半轻子$D$衰变到轴矢量介子$\bar{K}_1(1270)$的强子形状因子为$r_A=(-11.2\pm1.0\pm0.9)\times10^{-2}$和$r_V = (-4.3\pm 1.0\pm2.4)\times 10^{-2}$。角分布分析得到的上下不对称性$\mathcal{A}^\prime_{ud} = 0.01\pm0.11$，与标准模型的预测一致。

摘要

• 原文标题：Super-Linear Growth and Rising Inequality in Online Social Communities: Insights from Reddit
• 中文标题：在线社交社区中的超线性增长与不平等加剧：来自Reddit的洞察
• 发布日期：2025-03-04 14:22:45+00:00
• 作者：Guilherme Machado, Diogo Pacheco, Ronaldo Menezes, Gareth Baxter
• 分类：physics.soc-ph
• 原文链接：http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.02661v1

原文摘要：We study the effect of the number of users on the activity of communities within the online content sharing and discussion platform Reddit, called subreddits. We found that comment activity on Reddit has a heavy-tailed distribution, where a large fraction of the comments are made by a small set of users. Furthermore, as subreddits grow in size, this behavior becomes stronger, with activity (measured by the comments made in a subreddit) becoming even more centralised in a (relatively) smaller core of users. We verify that these changes are not explained by finite size nor by sampling effects. Instead, we observe a systematic change of the distribution with subreddit size. To quantify the centralisation and inequality of activity in a subreddit, we used the Gini coefficient. We found that as subreddits grow in users, so does the Gini coefficient, seemingly as a natural effect of the scaling. We found that the excess number of comments (the total number of comments minus the total number of users) follows a power law with exponent 1.27. For each subreddit we considered a snapshot of one month of data, as a compromise between statistical relevance and change in the system's dynamics. We show results over the whole year 2021 (with each subreddit having twelve snapshots, at most), nevertheless all results were consistent when using a single month or different years. 中文摘要：我们研究了用户数量对在线内容分享和讨论平台Reddit（称为subreddits）中社区活动的影响。我们发现，Reddit上的评论活动呈现出重尾分布，即大部分评论由一小部分用户完成。此外，随着subreddits规模的扩大，这种行为变得更加明显，活动（通过subreddit中的评论数量衡量）更加集中在（相对）较小的核心用户群体中。我们验证了这些变化不能通过有限规模或抽样效应来解释。相反，我们观察到分布随着subreddit规模的系统性变化。为了量化subreddit中活动的集中度和不平等性，我们使用了基尼系数。我们发现，随着subreddits用户数量的增加，基尼系数也随之增加，这似乎是规模扩展的自然结果。我们发现，评论的过剩数量（总评论数减去总用户数）遵循指数为1.27的幂律分布。对于每个subreddit，我们考虑了一个月的数据快照，作为统计相关性和系统动态变化之间的折衷。我们展示了2021年全年的结果（每个subreddit最多有十二个快照），然而，使用单个月份或不同年份时，所有结果都是一致的。

摘要

• 原文标题：Inferring Galactic Parameters from Chemical Abundances with Simulation-Based Inference
• 中文标题：基于模拟推理从化学丰度推断银河系参数
• 发布日期：2025-03-04 10:05:58+00:00
• 作者：Tobias Buck, Berkay Günes, Giuseppe Viterbo, William H. Oliver, Sven Buder
• 分类：astro-ph.GA, astro-ph.IM, physics.comp-ph, physics.data-an, physics.space-ph
• 原文链接：http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.02456v1

原文摘要：Galactic chemical abundances provide crucial insights into fundamental galactic parameters, such as the high-mass slope of the initial mass function (IMF) and the normalization of Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) rates. Constraining these parameters is essential for advancing our understanding of stellar feedback, metal enrichment, and galaxy formation processes. However, traditional Bayesian inference techniques, such as Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC), are computationally prohibitive when applied to large datasets of modern stellar surveys. We leverage simulation-based-inference (SBI) as a scalable, robust, and efficient method for constraining galactic parameters from stellar chemical abundances and demonstrate its the advantages over HMC in terms of speed, scalability, and robustness against model misspecifications. We combine a Galactic Chemical Evolution (GCE) model, CHEMPY, with a neural network emulator and a Neural Posterior Estimator (NPE) to train our SBI pipeline. Mock datasets are generated using CHEMPY, including scenarios with mismatched nucleosynthetic yields, with additional tests conducted on data from a simulated Milky Way-like galaxy. SBI results are benchmarked against HMC-based inference, focusing on computational performance, accuracy, and resilience to systematic discrepancies. SBI achieves a $\sim75,600\times$ speed-up compared to HMC, reducing inference runtime from $\gtrsim42$ hours to mere seconds for thousands of stars. Inference on $1,000$ stars yields precise estimates for the IMF slope ($\alpha_{\rm IMF} = -2.298 \pm 0.002$) and SN Ia normalization ($\log_{10}(N_{\rm Ia}) = -2.885 \pm 0.003$), deviating less than 0.05% from the ground truth. SBI also demonstrates similar robustness to model misspecification than HMC, recovering accurate parameters even with alternate yield tables or data from a cosmological simulation. (shortened...) 中文摘要：银河化学丰度为基本银河参数提供了关键的见解，例如初始质量函数（IMF）的高质量斜率和Ia型超新星（SN Ia）速率的归一化。约束这些参数对于推进我们对恒星反馈、金属富集和星系形成过程的理解至关重要。然而，传统的贝叶斯推断技术，如哈密顿蒙特卡洛（HMC），在处理现代恒星调查的大数据集时计算上是不切实际的。我们利用基于模拟的推断（SBI）作为一种可扩展、稳健且高效的方法，从恒星化学丰度中约束银河参数，并展示了其在速度、可扩展性和对模型错误设定的鲁棒性方面相对于HMC的优势。我们将银河化学演化（GCE）模型CHEMPY与神经网络模拟器和神经后验估计器（NPE）结合，训练我们的SBI管道。使用CHEMPY生成模拟数据集，包括核合成产量不匹配的情景，并在模拟的类似银河系的数据上进行额外测试。SBI结果与基于HMC的推断进行基准测试，重点关注计算性能、准确性和对系统差异的恢复能力。SBI实现了与HMC相比约75,600倍的加速，将数千颗恒星的推断运行时间从超过42小时减少到仅几秒钟。对1,000颗恒星的推断得出了IMF斜率（$\alpha_{\rm IMF} = -2.298 \pm 0.002$）和SN Ia归一化（$\log_{10}(N_{\rm Ia}) = -2.885 \pm 0.003$）的精确估计，与真实值的偏差小于0.05%。SBI还展示了与HMC相似的模型错误设定鲁棒性，即使使用替代的产量表或来自宇宙学模拟的数据，也能恢复准确的参数。（简化...）

摘要

• 原文标题：Calibration of the mechanical boundary conditions for a patient-specific thoracic aorta model including the heart motion effect
• 中文标题：患者特异性胸主动脉模型的机械边界条件校准，包括心脏运动效应
• 发布日期：2025-03-04 10:50:10+00:00
• 作者：Leonardo Geronzi, Aline Bel-Brunon, Antonio Martinez, Michel Rochette, Marco Sensale, Olivier Bouchot, Alain Lalande, Siyu Lin, Pier Paolo Valentini, Marco Evangelos Biancolini
• 分类：physics.med-ph, cs.NA, math.NA
• 原文链接：http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.02485v1

原文摘要：Objective: we propose a procedure for calibrating 4 parameters governing the mechanical boundary conditions (BCs) of a thoracic aorta (TA) model derived from one patient with ascending aortic aneurysm. The BCs reproduce the visco-elastic structural support provided by the soft tissue and the spine and allow for the inclusion of the heart motion effect. Methods: we first segment the TA from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) angiography and derive the heart motion by tracking the aortic annulus from cine-MRI. A rigid-wall fluid-dynamic simulation is performed to derive the time-varying wall pressure field. We build the finite element model considering patient-specific material properties and imposing the derived pressure field and the motion at the annulus boundary. The calibration, which involves the zero-pressure state computation, is based on purely structural simulations. After obtaining the vessel boundaries from the cine-MRI sequences, an iterative procedure is performed to minimize the distance between them and the corresponding boundaries derived from the deformed structural model. A strongly-coupled fluid-structure interaction (FSI) analysis is finally performed with the tuned parameters and compared to the purely structural simulation. Results and Conclusion: the calibration with structural simulations allows to reduce maximum and mean distances between image-derived and simulation-derived boundaries from 8.64 mm to 6.37 mm and from 2.24 mm to 1.83 mm, respectively. The maximum root mean square error between the deformed structural and FSI surface meshes is 0.19 mm. This procedure may prove crucial for increasing the model fidelity in replicating the real aortic root kinematics. 中文摘要：摘要：目标：我们提出了一种用于校准控制患者特异性胸主动脉（TA）模型机械边界条件（BCs）的4个参数的程序，该模型源自一名患有升主动脉瘤的患者。这些边界条件再现了软组织和脊柱提供的粘弹性结构支持，并允许纳入心脏运动效应。方法：我们首先从磁共振成像（MRI）血管造影中分割出胸主动脉，并通过追踪电影MRI中的主动脉环来推导心脏运动。进行刚性壁流体动力学模拟以推导随时间变化的壁压力场。我们构建了有限元模型，考虑了患者特异性材料属性，并施加了推导出的压力场和环边界的运动。校准过程涉及零压力状态计算，基于纯结构模拟。在从电影MRI序列中获得血管边界后，执行迭代程序以最小化它们与从变形结构模型推导出的相应边界之间的距离。最后，使用调整后的参数进行强耦合流体-结构相互作用（FSI）分析，并与纯结构模拟进行比较。结果和结论：通过结构模拟的校准，图像推导和模拟推导的边界之间的最大和平均距离分别从8.64毫米减少到6.37毫米和从2.24毫米减少到1.83毫米。变形结构和FSI表面网格之间的最大均方根误差为0.19毫米。该程序可能对提高模型在复制真实主动脉根部运动学方面的保真度至关重要。

摘要

• 原文标题：Prospects for Pentaquark Baryon Search with the Upgraded LEPS2 Facility
• 中文标题：升级版LEPS2设施下五夸克重子搜索的前景
• 发布日期：2025-03-04 11:47:40+00:00
• 作者：T. Nakano, S. Ajimura, Y. Asano, S. Dat'e, T. Hashimoto, A. Higashi, T. Hotta, T. Ishikawa, H. Katsuragawa, R. Kobayakawa, H. Kohri, K. Mizutani, Y. Ohashi, H. Ohkuma, S. Y. Ryu, S. Suzuki, S. Tanaka, K. Watanabe, B. Yan, T. Yorita, M. Yosoi, G. Kojima, M. Miyabe, N. Muramatsu, H. Ohnishi, Y. Sada, H. Shimizu, A. O. Tokiyasu, M. Niiyama, K. Nishi, J. K. Ahn, Y. Ma, T. H. Nam, C. Rangacharyulu, M. Sumihama, C. Yoshida
• 分类：hep-ex, nucl-ex
• 原文链接：http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.02528v1

原文摘要：We present prospects for the $\Theta^+$ pentaquark baryon search using the newly constructed LEPS2 facility at SPring-8. The LEPS2 detector system features significant improvements in acceptance for multi-particle final states compared to previous experiments. Our search employs two complementary strategies: direct production in the $\gamma n \to K^-\Theta^+$ reaction using a liquid deuterium target with a photon beam up to 2.4 GeV, and $\bar{K}^{*0}$-associated $\Theta^+$ production using a liquid hydrogen target with a photon beam up to 2.9 GeV. The extended acceptance covers both forward and large angle regions, effectively spanning the kinematic regions explored by previous LEPS and CLAS experiments. The large acceptance and improved resolution of LEPS2, combined with these complementary approaches, provide unprecedented sensitivity for establishing the existence of the $\Theta^+$ or placing definitive upper limits on its production. 中文摘要：我们展示了使用SPring-8新建设的LEPS2设施进行$\Theta^+$五夸克重子搜索的前景。LEPS2探测器系统在多粒子末态接受度方面相比之前的实验有显著改进。我们的搜索采用两种互补策略：使用能量高达2.4 GeV的光子束和液态氘靶直接产生$\gamma n \to K^-\Theta^+$反应，以及使用能量高达2.9 GeV的光子束和液态氢靶进行$\bar{K}^{*0}$相关的$\Theta^+$产生。扩展的接受度覆盖了前向和大角度区域，有效涵盖了之前LEPS和CLAS实验探索的运动学区域。LEPS2的大接受度和改进的分辨率，结合这些互补方法，为确定$\Theta^+$的存在或对其产生设定明确的上限提供了前所未有的灵敏度。

摘要

• 原文标题：A New $\sim 5σ$ Tension at Characteristic Redshift from DESI DR1 and DES-SN5YR observations
• 中文标题：DESI DR1 和 DES-SN5YR 观测中特征红移处的新 $\sim 5σ$ 张力
• 发布日期：2025-03-04 18:58:15+00:00
• 作者：Purba Mukherjee, Anjan A Sen
• 分类：astro-ph.CO, cs.LG, gr-qc, hep-th
• 原文链接：http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.02880v1

原文摘要：We perform a model-independent reconstruction of the angular diameter distance ($D_{A}$) using the Multi-Task Gaussian Process (MTGP) framework with DESI-DR1 BAO and DES-SN5YR datasets. We calibrate the comoving sound horizon at the baryon drag epoch $r_d$ to the Planck best-fit value, ensuring consistency with early-universe physics. With the reconstructed $D_A$ at two key redshifts, $z\sim 1.63$ (where $D_{A}^{\prime} =0$) and at $z\sim 0.512$ (where $D_{A}^{\prime} = D_{A}$), we derive the expansion rate of the Universe $H(z)$ at these redshifts. Our findings reveal that at $z\sim 1.63$, the $H(z)$ is fully consistent with the Planck-2018 $\Lambda$CDM prediction, confirming no new physics at that redshift. However, at $z \sim 0.512$, the derived $H(z)$ shows a more than $5\sigma$ discrepancy with the Planck-2018 $\Lambda$CDM prediction, suggesting a possible breakdown of the $\Lambda$CDM model as constrained by Planck-2018 at this lower redshift. This emerging $\sim 5\sigma$ tension at $z\sim 0.512$, distinct from the existing ``Hubble Tension, may signal the first strong evidence for new physics at low redshifts. 中文摘要：我们使用多任务高斯过程（MTGP）框架结合DESI-DR1 BAO和DES-SN5YR数据集，对角直径距离（$D_{A}$）进行了模型无关的重建。我们将重子拖曳时期的共动声视界$r_d$校准为普朗克最佳拟合值，确保与早期宇宙物理学的一致性。通过重建的两个关键红移处的$D_A$，即$z\sim 1.63$（其中$D_{A}^{\prime} =0$）和$z\sim 0.512$（其中$D_{A}^{\prime} = D_{A}$），我们推导了这些红移处的宇宙膨胀率$H(z)$。我们的研究结果表明，在$z\sim 1.63$处，$H(z)$与普朗克-2018 $\Lambda$CDM预测完全一致，确认在该红移处没有新的物理现象。然而，在$z \sim 0.512$处，推导出的$H(z)$与普朗克-2018 $\Lambda$CDM预测显示出超过$5\sigma$的差异，表明在较低红移处，普朗克-2018约束的$\Lambda$CDM模型可能失效。这一在$z\sim 0.512$处新出现的$\sim 5\sigma$张力，与现有的“哈勃张力”不同，可能是低红移处新物理现象的第一个强有力证据。

摘要

• 原文标题：Trust and Friction: Negotiating How Information Flows Through Decentralized Social Media
• 中文标题：信任与摩擦：去中心化社交媒体中信息流动的协商
• 发布日期：2025-03-04 00:29:32+00:00
• 作者：Sohyeon Hwang, Priyanka Nanayakkara, Yan Shvartzshnaider
• 分类：cs.HC, cs.CY, cs.SI
• 原文链接：http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.02150v1

原文摘要：Decentralized social media protocols enable users in independent, user-hosted servers (i.e., instances) to interact with each other while they self-govern. This community-based model of social media governance opens up new opportunities for tailored decision-making about information flows -- i.e., what user data is shared to whom and when -- and in turn, for protecting user privacy. To better understand how community governance shapes privacy expectations on decentralized social media, we conducted a semi-structured interview with 23 users of the Fediverse, a decentralized social media network. Our findings illustrate important factors that shape a community's understandings of information flows, such as rules and proactive efforts from admins who are perceived as trustworthy. We also highlight governance frictions between communities that raise new privacy risks due to incompatibilities in values, security practices, and software. Our findings highlight the unique challenges of decentralized social media, suggest design opportunities to address frictions, and outline the role of participatory decision-making to realize the full potential of decentralization. 中文摘要：去中心化社交媒体协议使得独立、用户托管的服务器（即实例）中的用户可以相互交互，同时实现自我治理。这种基于社区的社交媒体治理模式为信息流的定制决策（即哪些用户数据在何时与谁共享）以及保护用户隐私提供了新的机会。为了更好地理解社区治理如何塑造去中心化社交媒体上的隐私期望，我们对23名Fediverse（一个去中心化社交媒体网络）用户进行了半结构化访谈。我们的研究结果揭示了塑造社区对信息流理解的重要因素，例如被视为可信的管理员的规则和积极努力。我们还强调了社区之间的“治理摩擦”，这些摩擦由于价值观、安全实践和软件的不兼容性而引发新的隐私风险。我们的研究结果突出了去中心化社交媒体的独特挑战，提出了解决摩擦的设计机会，并概述了参与式决策在实现去中心化全部潜力中的作用。

摘要

• 原文标题：In-Depth Analysis of Automated Acne Disease Recognition and Classification
• 中文标题：深度分析自动痤疮疾病识别与分类
• 发布日期：2025-03-04 17:58:44+00:00
• 作者：Afsana Ahsan Jeny, Masum Shah Junayed, Md Robel Mia, Md Baharul Islam
• 分类：cs.CV
• 原文链接：http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.02835v1

原文摘要：Facial acne is a common disease, especially among adolescents, negatively affecting both physically and psychologically. Classifying acne is vital to providing the appropriate treatment. Traditional visual inspection or expert scanning is time-consuming and difficult to differentiate acne types. This paper introduces an automated expert system for acne recognition and classification. The proposed method employs a machine learning-based technique to classify and evaluate six types of acne diseases to facilitate the diagnosis of dermatologists. The pre-processing phase includes contrast improvement, smoothing filter, and RGB to L*a*b color conversion to eliminate noise and improve the classification accuracy. Then, a clustering-based segmentation method, k-means clustering, is applied for segmenting the disease-affected regions that pass through the feature extraction step. Characteristics of these disease-affected regions are extracted based on a combination of gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) and Statistical features. Finally, five different machine learning classifiers are employed to classify acne diseases. Experimental results show that the Random Forest (RF) achieves the highest accuracy of 98.50%, which is promising compared to the state-of-the-art methods. 中文摘要：面部痤疮是一种常见疾病，尤其在青少年中，对身体和心理都有负面影响。痤疮的分类对于提供适当的治疗至关重要。传统的视觉检查或专家扫描耗时且难以区分痤疮类型。本文介绍了一种用于痤疮识别和分类的自动化专家系统。所提出的方法采用基于机器学习的技术对六种痤疮疾病进行分类和评估，以辅助皮肤科医生的诊断。预处理阶段包括对比度增强、平滑滤波和RGB到L*a*b颜色转换，以消除噪声并提高分类准确性。然后，应用基于聚类的分割方法——k均值聚类，对通过特征提取步骤的疾病影响区域进行分割。这些疾病影响区域的特征基于灰度共生矩阵（GLCM）和统计特征的组合进行提取。最后，采用五种不同的机器学习分类器对痤疮疾病进行分类。实验结果表明，随机森林（RF）达到了98.50%的最高准确率，与现有最先进的方法相比具有显著优势。