WikiEdge:ArXiv速遞/2025-03-03
摘要
- 原文標題:Investigation of O interstitial diffusion in $β$-Ga$_2$O$_3$: direct approach via master diffusion equations
- 中文標題:$β$-Ga$_2$O$_3$中氧間隙擴散的研究:通過主擴散方程的直接方法
- 發布日期:2025-03-03 16:54:55+00:00
- 作者:Grace McKnight, Channyung Lee, Elif Ertekin
- 分類:cond-mat.mtrl-sci, physics.app-ph, physics.comp-ph
- 原文鏈接:http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.01735v1
中文摘要:單斜晶系的$\beta$-Ga$_2$O$_3$是一種有前景的寬帶隙半導體材料,由於其低對稱性的晶體結構,表現出複雜的各向異性擴散特性和質量傳輸行為。通過第一性原理計算結合主擴散方程,我們確定了中性氧間隙($\text{O}_{\text{i}}^{0}$)和帶2-電荷的氧間隙($\text{O}_{\text{i}}^{2-}$)的三維擴散張量。通過對構型空間的系統探索,我們識別了這兩種主要電荷態的穩定構型及其相應的形成能。通過考慮間隙或間隙跳躍,連接每一對低能構型,我們構建了三維擴散網絡,並評估了網絡中所有過渡路徑的跳躍勢壘。結合(i)缺陷構型及其形成能和(ii)連接它們的跳躍勢壘,我們通過Onsager方法分別構建並求解了$\text{O}_{\text{i}}^{0}$和$\text{O}_{\text{i}}^{2-}$的主擴散方程,得到了相應的三維擴散張量D$_{\text{O}_{\text{i}}}^{0}$和D$_{\text{O}_{\text{i}}}^{2-}$。$\text{O}_{\text{i}}^{0}$和$\text{O}_{\text{i}}^{2-}$都表現出沿$b$軸的最快擴散,顯示出顯著的各向異性。沿[100]和[$\overline{2}01$]方向預測的自擴散係數與之前報道的同位素標記氧示蹤實驗值吻合良好,突出了該方法在捕捉複雜擴散機制方面的可靠性。
摘要
- 原文標題:Fire danger likely overestimated in future climate projections
- 中文標題:未來氣候預測中火災危險可能被高估
- 發布日期:2025-03-03 18:42:50+00:00
- 作者:Aurora Matteo, Ginés Garnés-Morales, Alberto Moreno, Ribeiro Andreia, César Azorín-Molina, Joaquín Bedia, Francesca Di Giuseppe, Robert J. H. Dunn, Sixto Herrera, Antonello Provenzale, Yann Quilcaille, Miguel Ángel Torres Vázquez, Marco Turco
- 分類:physics.ao-ph
- 原文鏈接:http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.01818v1
原文摘要:The Canadian Fire Weather Index (FWI) is widely used to assess wildfire danger and relies on meteorological data at local noon. However, climate models often provide only daily aggregated data, which poses a challenge for accurate FWI calculations in climate change studies. Here, we examine how using daily approximations for FWI95d -- the annual count of extreme fire weather days exceeding the 95th percentile of local daily FWI values -- compares to the standard noon-based approach for the period 1980--2023. Our findings reveal that FWI95d calculated with noon-specific data increased globally by approximately 65\%, corresponding to 11.66 additional extreme fire weather days over 44 years. In contrast, daily approximations tend to overestimate these trends by 5--10\%, with combinations involving minimum relative humidity showing the largest divergences. Globally, up to 15 million km$^2$, particularly in the western United States, southern Africa, and parts of Asia, exhibit significant overestimations. Among our daily approximation methods, the least biased proxy is the one that uses daily mean data for all variables. We recommend (i) prioritizing the inclusion of sub-daily meteorological data in future climate model intercomparison projects to enhance FWI accuracy, and (ii) adopting daily mean approximations as the least-biased alternative if noon-specific data are unavailable. 中文摘要:加拿大火災天氣指數(FWI)被廣泛用於評估野火風險,並依賴於當地中午的氣象數據。然而,氣候模型通常僅提供每日匯總數據,這為氣候變化研究中的準確FWI計算帶來了挑戰。本文研究了在1980年至2023年期間,使用每日近似值計算FWI95d(即超過當地每日FWI值第95百分位數的極端火災天氣日數的年計數)與標準基於中午的方法的比較。 我們的研究結果表明,使用中午特定數據計算的FWI95d在全球範圍內增加了約65%,相當於44年內增加了11.66個極端火災天氣日。相比之下,每日近似值往往會高估這些趨勢5-10%,其中涉及最低相對濕度的組合顯示出最大的差異。在全球範圍內,多達1500萬平方公里的地區,特別是美國西部、南部非洲和亞洲部分地區,顯示出顯著的高估。在我們的每日近似方法中,偏差最小的代理是使用所有變量的每日平均值的方法。 我們建議:(i)在未來的氣候模型比較項目中優先納入次每日氣象數據,以提高FWI的準確性;(ii)如果無法獲得中午特定數據,則採用每日平均值近似作為偏差最小的替代方案。
摘要
- 原文標題:A COMSOL framework for predicting hydrogen embrittlement -- Part II: phase field fracture
- 中文標題:用於預測氫脆的COMSOL框架——第二部分:相場斷裂
- 發布日期:2025-03-03 17:39:02+00:00
- 作者:A. Díaz, J. M. Alegre, I. I. Cuesta, E. Martínez-Pañeda
- 分類:cs.CE, physics.app-ph, physics.chem-ph
- 原文鏈接:http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.01765v1
原文摘要:Prediction of hydrogen embrittlement requires a robust modelling approach and this will foster the safe adoption of hydrogen as a clean energy vector. A generalised computational model for hydrogen embrittlement is here presented, based on a phase field description of fracture. In combination with Part I of this work, which describes the process of hydrogen uptake and transport, this allows simulating a wide range of hydrogen transport and embrittlement phenomena. The material toughness is defined as a function of the hydrogen content and both elastic and elastic-plastic material behaviour are incorporated, enabling to capture both ductile and brittle fractures, and the transition from one to the other. The accumulation of hydrogen near a crack tip and subsequent embrittlement is numerically evaluated in a single-edge cracked plate, a boundary layer model and a 3D vessel case study, demonstrating the potential of the framework. Emphasis is placed on the numerical implementation, which is carried out in the finite element package COMSOL Multiphysics, and the models are made freely available. 中文摘要:預測氫脆需要一種穩健的建模方法,這將促進氫作為清潔能源載體的安全採用。本文提出了一種基於斷裂相場描述的氫脆通用計算模型。結合本工作的第一部分,該部分描述了氫的吸收和傳輸過程,這使得模擬廣泛的氫傳輸和氫脆現象成為可能。材料韌性被定義為氫含量的函數,並且結合了彈性和彈塑性材料行為,從而能夠捕捉到韌性斷裂和脆性斷裂以及兩者之間的轉變。在單邊裂紋板、邊界層模型和三維容器案例研究中,數值評估了裂紋尖端附近氫的積累和隨後的氫脆,展示了該框架的潛力。重點放在數值實現上,該實現是在有限元軟件COMSOL Multiphysics中進行的,並且模型是免費提供的。