WikiEdge:ArXiv速递/2025-03-04

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摘要

  • 原文标题：The subpath number of cactus graphs
  • 中文标题：仙人掌图的子路径数
  • 发布日期：2025-03-04 14:55:49+00:00
  • 作者：Martin Knor, Jelena Sedlar, Riste Škrekovski, Yu Yang
  • 分类：math.CO, 05C30, 05C38
  • 原文链接：http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.02683v1

原文摘要：The subpath number of a graph G is defined as the total number of subpaths in G, and it is closely related to the number of subtrees, a well-studied topic in graph theory. This paper is a continuation of our previous paper [5], where we investigated the subpath number and identified extremal graphs within the classes of trees, unicyclic graphs, bipartite graphs, and cycle chains. Here, we focus on the subpath number of cactus graphs and characterize all maximal and minimal cacti with n vertices and k cycles. We prove that maximal cacti are cycle chains in which all interior cycles are triangles, while the two end-cycles differ in length by at most one. In contrast, minimal cacti consist of k triangles, all sharing a common vertex, with the remaining vertices forming a tree attached to this joint vertex. By comparing extremal cacti with respect to the subpath number to those that are extremal for the subtree number and the Wiener index, we demonstrate that the subpath number does not correlate with either of these quantities, as their corresponding extremal graphs differ. 中文摘要：图的子路径数定义为图中所有子路径的总数，它与子树数密切相关，后者是图论中一个被广泛研究的主题。本文是我们之前论文[5]的延续，在那篇论文中我们研究了子路径数，并在树、单环图、二分图和环链等图类中识别了极值图。本文中，我们专注于仙人掌图的子路径数，并刻画了所有具有n个顶点和k个环的极大和极小仙人掌图。我们证明了极大仙人掌图是环链，其中所有内部环都是三角形，而两个端环的长度最多相差一。相反，极小仙人掌图由k个三角形组成，这些三角形共享一个公共顶点，其余顶点形成一个附着于该公共顶点的树。通过比较子路径数的极值仙人掌图与子树数和维纳指数的极值图，我们证明了子路径数与这两个量不相关，因为它们的极值图不同。

摘要

  • 原文标题：Enhancing the charging performance of an atomic quantum battery
  • 中文标题：提升原子量子电池的充电性能
  • 发布日期：2025-03-04 15:46:20+00:00
  • 作者：Ming-Liang Hu, Ting Gao, Heng Fan
  • 分类：quant-ph
  • 原文链接：http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.02727v1

原文摘要：We study a quantum battery (QB) model composed of two atoms, where the charger and battery elements are coupled to a multimode vacuum field that serves as a mediator for energy transfer. Different figures of merit such as ergotropy, charging time, and charging efficiency are analyzed, putting emphasis on the role of various control parameters on the charging performance. It is found that there is a range of angle between the transition dipole moments and interatomic axis in which the QB can be charged. The optimal charging performance is achieved if the atomic dipole moments are perpendicular or parallel to the interatomic axis. The charging performance also improves with the decrease of the interatomic distance. Besides, the charged ergotropy can be enhanced by increasing the initial ergotropy of the charger and it is beneficial to charge the QB starting from a passive state. 中文摘要：我们研究了一个由两个原子组成的量子电池（QB）模型，其中充电器和电池元件耦合到一个多模真空场，该场作为能量转移的媒介。我们分析了诸如功容量、充电时间和充电效率等不同的性能指标，重点研究了各种控制参数对充电性能的影响。研究发现，在过渡偶极矩和原子间轴之间存在一定角度范围内，量子电池可以被充电。如果原子偶极矩垂直于或平行于原子间轴，则可以实现最佳充电性能。充电性能还随着原子间距离的减小而提高。此外，通过增加充电器的初始功容量可以增强充电后的功容量，并且从被动状态开始充电对量子电池是有益的。

摘要

  • 原文标题：First Measurement of the Decay Dynamics in the Semileptonic Transition of the $D^{+(0)}$ into the Axial-vector Meson $\bar K_1(1270)$
  • 中文标题：$D^{+(0)}$ 到轴矢量介子 $\bar K_1(1270)$ 的半轻衰变中衰变动力学的首次测量
  • 发布日期：2025-03-04 02:09:02+00:00
  • 作者：BESIII Collaboration, M. Ablikim, M. N. Achasov, P. Adlarson, X. C. Ai, R. Aliberti, A. Amoroso, Q. An, Y. Bai, O. Bakina, Y. Ban, H. -R. Bao, V. Batozskaya, K. Begzsuren, N. Berger, M. Berlowski, M. Bertani, D. Bettoni, F. Bianchi, E. Bianco, A. Bortone, I. Boyko, R. A. Briere, A. Brueggemann, H. Cai, M. H. Cai, X. Cai, A. Calcaterra, G. F. Cao, N. Cao, S. A. Cetin, X. Y. Chai, J. F. Chang, G. R. Che, Y. Z. Che, G. Chelkov, C. H. Chen, Chao Chen, G. Chen, H. S. Chen, H. Y. Chen, M. L. Chen, S. J. Chen, S. L. Chen, S. M. Chen, T. Chen, X. R. Chen, X. T. Chen, Y. B. Chen, Y. Q. Chen, Z. J. Chen, Z. K. Chen, S. K. Choi, X. Chu, G. Cibinetto, F. Cossio, J. J. Cui, H. L. Dai, J. P. Dai, A. Dbeyssi, R. E. de Boer, D. Dedovich, C. Q. Deng, Z. Y. Deng, A. Denig, I. Denysenko, M. Destefanis, F. De Mori, B. Ding, X. X. Ding, Y. Ding, Y. Ding, Y. X. Ding, J. Dong, L. Y. Dong, M. Y. Dong, X. Dong, M. C. Du, S. X. Du, S. X. Du, Y. Y. Duan, Z. H. Duan, P. Egorov, G. F. Fan, J. J. Fan, Y. H. Fan, J. Fang, J. Fang, S. S. Fang, W. X. Fang, Y. Q. Fang, R. Farinelli, L. Fava, F. Feldbauer, G. Felici, C. Q. Feng, J. H. Feng, Y. T. Feng, M. Fritsch, C. D. Fu, J. L. Fu, Y. W. Fu, H. Gao, X. B. Gao, Y. N. Gao, Y. N. Gao, Y. Y. Gao, Yang Gao, S. Garbolino, I. Garzia, P. T. Ge, Z. W. Ge, C. Geng, E. M. Gersabeck, A. Gilman, K. Goetzen, J. D. Gong, L. Gong, W. X. Gong, W. Gradl, S. Gramigna, M. Greco, M. H. Gu, Y. T. Gu, C. Y. Guan, A. Q. Guo, L. B. Guo, M. J. Guo, R. P. Guo, Y. P. Guo, A. Guskov, J. Gutierrez, K. L. Han, T. T. Han, F. Hanisch, K. D. Hao, X. Q. Hao, F. A. Harris, K. K. He, K. L. He, F. H. Heinsius, C. H. Heinz, Y. K. Heng, C. Herold, T. Holtmann, P. C. Hong, G. Y. Hou, X. T. Hou, Y. R. Hou, Z. L. Hou, H. M. Hu, J. F. Hu, Q. P. Hu, S. L. Hu, T. Hu, Y. Hu, Z. M. Hu, G. S. Huang, K. X. Huang, L. Q. Huang, P. Huang, X. T. Huang, Y. P. Huang, Y. S. Huang, T. Hussain, N. Hüsken, N. in der Wiesche, J. Jackson, S. Janchiv, Q. Ji, Q. P. Ji, W. Ji, X. B. Ji, X. L. Ji, Y. Y. Ji, Z. K. Jia, D. Jiang, H. B. Jiang, P. C. Jiang, S. J. Jiang, T. J. Jiang, X. S. Jiang, Y. Jiang, J. B. Jiao, J. K. Jiao, Z. Jiao, S. Jin, Y. Jin, M. Q. Jing, X. M. Jing, T. Johansson, S. Kabana, N. Kalantar-Nayestanaki, X. L. Kang, X. S. Kang, M. Kavatsyuk, B. C. Ke, V. Khachatryan, A. Khoukaz, R. Kiuchi, O. B. Kolcu, B. Kopf, M. Kuessner, X. Kui, N. Kumar, A. Kupsc, W. Kühn, Q. Lan, W. N. Lan, T. T. Lei, M. Lellmann, T. Lenz, C. Li, C. Li, C. H. Li, C. K. Li, Cheng Li, D. M. Li, F. Li, G. Li, H. B. Li, H. J. Li, H. N. Li, Hui Li, J. R. Li, J. S. Li, K. Li, K. L. Li, K. L. Li, L. J. Li, Lei Li, M. H. Li, M. R. Li, P. L. Li, P. R. Li, Q. M. Li, Q. X. Li, R. Li, T. Li, T. Y. Li, W. D. Li, W. G. Li, X. Li, X. H. Li, X. L. Li, X. Y. Li, X. Z. Li, Y. Li, Y. G. Li, Y. P. Li, Z. J. Li, Z. Y. Li, C. Liang, H. Liang, Y. F. Liang, Y. T. Liang, G. R. Liao, L. B. Liao, M. H. Liao, Y. P. Liao, J. Libby, A. Limphirat, C. C. Lin, C. X. Lin, D. X. Lin, L. Q. Lin, T. Lin, B. J. Liu, B. X. Liu, C. Liu, C. X. Liu, F. Liu, F. H. Liu, Feng Liu, G. M. Liu, H. Liu, H. B. Liu, H. H. Liu, H. M. Liu, Huihui Liu, J. B. Liu, J. J. Liu, K. Liu, K. Liu, K. Y. Liu, Ke Liu, L. Liu, L. C. Liu, Lu Liu, P. L. Liu, Q. Liu, S. B. Liu, T. Liu, W. K. Liu, W. M. Liu, W. T. Liu, X. Liu, X. Liu, X. Y. Liu, Y. Liu, Y. Liu, Y. Liu, Y. B. Liu, Z. A. Liu, Z. D. Liu, Z. Q. Liu, X. C. Lou, F. X. Lu, H. J. Lu, J. G. Lu, Y. Lu, Y. H. Lu, Y. P. Lu, Z. H. Lu, C. L. Luo, J. R. Luo, J. S. Luo, M. X. Luo, T. Luo, X. L. Luo, Z. Y. Lv, X. R. Lyu, Y. F. Lyu, Y. H. Lyu, F. C. Ma, H. Ma, H. L. Ma, J. L. Ma, L. L. Ma, L. R. Ma, Q. M. Ma, R. Q. Ma, R. Y. Ma, T. Ma, X. T. Ma, X. Y. Ma, Y. M. Ma, F. E. Maas, I. MacKay, M. Maggiora, S. Malde, Y. J. Mao, Z. P. Mao, S. Marcello, F. M. Melendi, Y. H. Meng, Z. X. Meng, J. G. Messchendorp, G. Mezzadri, H. Miao, T. J. Min, R. E. Mitchell, X. H. Mo, B. Moses, N. Yu. Muchnoi, J. Muskalla, Y. Nefedov, F. Nerling, L. S. Nie, I. B. Nikolaev, Z. Ning, S. Nisar, Q. L. Niu, W. D. Niu, S. L. Olsen, Q. Ouyang, S. Pacetti, X. Pan, Y. Pan, A. Pathak, Y. P. Pei, M. Pelizaeus, H. P. Peng, Y. Y. Peng, K. Peters, J. L. Ping, R. G. Ping, S. Plura, V. Prasad, F. Z. Qi, H. R. Qi, M. Qi, S. Qian, W. B. Qian, C. F. Qiao, J. H. Qiao, J. J. Qin, J. L. Qin, L. Q. Qin, L. Y. Qin, P. B. Qin, X. P. Qin, X. S. Qin, Z. H. Qin, J. F. Qiu, Z. H. Qu, C. F. Redmer, A. Rivetti, M. Rolo, G. Rong, S. S. Rong, F. Rosini, Ch. Rosner, M. Q. Ruan, N. Salone, A. Sarantsev, Y. Schelhaas, K. Schoenning, M. Scodeggio, K. Y. Shan, W. Shan, X. Y. Shan, Z. J. Shang, J. F. Shangguan, L. G. Shao, M. Shao, C. P. Shen, H. F. Shen, W. H. Shen, X. Y. Shen, B. A. Shi, H. Shi, J. L. Shi, J. Y. Shi, S. Y. Shi, X. Shi, H. L. Song, J. J. Song, T. Z. Song, W. M. Song, Y. X. Song, S. Sosio, S. Spataro, F. Stieler, S. S Su, Y. J. Su, G. B. Sun, G. X. Sun, H. Sun, H. K. Sun, J. F. Sun, K. Sun, L. Sun, S. S. Sun, T. Sun, Y. C. Sun, Y. H. Sun, Y. J. Sun, Y. Z. Sun, Z. Q. Sun, Z. T. Sun, C. J. Tang, G. Y. Tang, J. Tang, L. F. Tang, M. Tang, Y. A. Tang, L. Y. Tao, M. Tat, J. X. Teng, J. Y. Tian, W. H. Tian, Y. Tian, Z. F. Tian, I. Uman, B. Wang, B. Wang, Bo Wang, C. Wang, Cong Wang, D. Y. Wang, H. J. Wang, J. J. Wang, K. Wang, L. L. Wang, L. W. Wang, M. Wang, M. Wang, N. Y. Wang, S. Wang, T. Wang, T. J. Wang, W. Wang, W. Wang, W. P. Wang, X. Wang, X. F. Wang, X. J. Wang, X. L. Wang, X. N. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. D. Wang, Y. F. Wang, Y. H. Wang, Y. L. Wang, Y. N. Wang, Y. Q. Wang, Yaqian Wang, Yi Wang, Yuan Wang, Z. Wang, Z. L. Wang, Z. L. Wang, Z. Q. Wang, Z. Y. Wang, D. H. Wei, H. R. Wei, F. Weidner, S. P. Wen, Y. R. Wen, U. Wiedner, G. Wilkinson, M. Wolke, C. Wu, J. F. Wu, L. H. Wu, L. J. Wu, Lianjie Wu, S. G. Wu, S. M. Wu, X. Wu, X. H. Wu, Y. J. Wu, Z. Wu, L. Xia, X. M. Xian, B. H. Xiang, T. Xiang, D. Xiao, G. Y. Xiao, H. Xiao, Y. L. Xiao, Z. J. Xiao, C. Xie, K. J. Xie, X. H. Xie, Y. Xie, Y. G. Xie, Y. H. Xie, Z. P. Xie, T. Y. Xing, C. F. Xu, C. J. Xu, G. F. Xu, H. Y. Xu, H. Y. Xu, M. Xu, Q. J. Xu, Q. N. Xu, T. D. Xu, W. L. Xu, X. P. Xu, Y. Xu, Y. Xu, Y. C. Xu, Z. S. Xu, H. Y. Yan, L. Yan, W. B. Yan, W. C. Yan, W. P. Yan, X. Q. Yan, H. J. Yang, H. L. Yang, H. X. Yang, J. H. Yang, R. J. Yang, T. Yang, Y. Yang, Y. F. Yang, Y. H. Yang, Y. Q. Yang, Y. X. Yang, Y. Z. Yang, M. Ye, M. H. Ye, Z. J. Ye, Junhao Yin, Z. Y. You, B. X. Yu, C. X. Yu, G. Yu, J. S. Yu, M. C. Yu, T. Yu, X. D. Yu, Y. C. Yu, C. Z. Yuan, H. Yuan, J. Yuan, J. Yuan, L. Yuan, S. C. Yuan, Y. Yuan, Z. Y. Yuan, C. X. Yue, Ying Yue, A. A. Zafar, S. H. Zeng, X. Zeng, Y. Zeng, Y. J. Zeng, Y. J. Zeng, X. Y. Zhai, Y. H. Zhan, A. Q. Zhang, B. L. Zhang, B. X. Zhang, D. H. Zhang, G. Y. Zhang, G. Y. Zhang, H. Zhang, H. Zhang, H. C. Zhang, H. H. Zhang, H. Q. Zhang, H. R. Zhang, H. Y. Zhang, J. Zhang, J. Zhang, J. J. Zhang, J. L. Zhang, J. Q. Zhang, J. S. Zhang, J. W. Zhang, J. X. Zhang, J. Y. Zhang, J. Z. Zhang, Jianyu Zhang, L. M. Zhang, Lei Zhang, N. Zhang, P. Zhang, Q. Zhang, Q. Y. Zhang, R. Y. Zhang, S. H. Zhang, Shulei Zhang, X. M. Zhang, X. Y Zhang, X. Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. T. Zhang, Y. H. Zhang, Y. M. Zhang, Z. D. Zhang, Z. H. Zhang, Z. L. Zhang, Z. L. Zhang, Z. X. Zhang, Z. Y. Zhang, Z. Y. Zhang, Z. Z. Zhang, Zh. Zh. Zhang, G. Zhao, J. Y. Zhao, J. Z. Zhao, L. Zhao, Lei Zhao, M. G. Zhao, N. Zhao, R. P. Zhao, S. J. Zhao, Y. B. Zhao, Y. L. Zhao, Y. X. Zhao, Z. G. Zhao, A. Zhemchugov, B. Zheng, B. M. Zheng, J. P. Zheng, W. J. Zheng, X. R. Zheng, Y. H. Zheng, B. Zhong, X. Zhong, H. Zhou, J. Q. Zhou, J. Y. Zhou, S. Zhou, X. Zhou, X. K. Zhou, X. R. Zhou, X. Y. Zhou, Y. Z. Zhou, Z. C. Zhou, A. N. Zhu, J. Zhu, K. Zhu, K. J. Zhu, K. S. Zhu, L. Zhu, L. X. Zhu, S. H. Zhu, T. J. Zhu, W. D. Zhu, W. D. Zhu, W. J. Zhu, W. Z. Zhu, Y. C. Zhu, Z. A. Zhu, X. Y. Zhuang, J. H. Zou, J. Zu
  • 分类：hep-ex
  • 原文链接：http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.02196v1

原文摘要：Using $e^+e^-$ collision data taken at the center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb$^{-1}$, we report the first amplitude and angular analyses of the semileptonic decays $D^{+(0)}\to K^-\pi^+\pi^{0(-)} e^+\nu_e$. From the amplitude analysis, we determine for the first time the hadronic form factors of the semileptonic $D$ decays into the axial-vector meson $\bar{K}_1(1270)$ to be $r_A=(-11.2\pm1.0\pm0.9)\times10^{-2}$ and $r_V = (-4.3\pm 1.0\pm2.4)\times 10^{-2}$. The angular analysis yields an up-down asymmetry $\mathcal{A}^\prime_{ud} = 0.01\pm0.11$, which is consistent with the Standard Model prediction. 中文摘要：使用BESIII探测器在3.773 GeV质心能量下采集的$e^+e^-$对撞数据，对应积分亮度为20.3 fb$^{-1}$，我们首次报告了半轻子衰变$D^{+(0)}\to K^-\pi^+\pi^{0(-)} e^+\nu_e$的振幅和角分布分析。通过振幅分析，我们首次确定了半轻子$D$衰变到轴矢量介子$\bar{K}_1(1270)$的强子形状因子为$r_A=(-11.2\pm1.0\pm0.9)\times10^{-2}$和$r_V = (-4.3\pm 1.0\pm2.4)\times 10^{-2}$。角分布分析得到的上下不对称性$\mathcal{A}^\prime_{ud} = 0.01\pm0.11$，与标准模型的预测一致。

摘要

  • 原文标题：Super-Linear Growth and Rising Inequality in Online Social Communities: Insights from Reddit
  • 中文标题：在线社交社区中的超线性增长与不平等加剧：来自Reddit的洞察
  • 发布日期：2025-03-04 14:22:45+00:00
  • 作者：Guilherme Machado, Diogo Pacheco, Ronaldo Menezes, Gareth Baxter
  • 分类：physics.soc-ph
  • 原文链接：http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.02661v1

原文摘要：We study the effect of the number of users on the activity of communities within the online content sharing and discussion platform Reddit, called subreddits. We found that comment activity on Reddit has a heavy-tailed distribution, where a large fraction of the comments are made by a small set of users. Furthermore, as subreddits grow in size, this behavior becomes stronger, with activity (measured by the comments made in a subreddit) becoming even more centralised in a (relatively) smaller core of users. We verify that these changes are not explained by finite size nor by sampling effects. Instead, we observe a systematic change of the distribution with subreddit size. To quantify the centralisation and inequality of activity in a subreddit, we used the Gini coefficient. We found that as subreddits grow in users, so does the Gini coefficient, seemingly as a natural effect of the scaling. We found that the excess number of comments (the total number of comments minus the total number of users) follows a power law with exponent 1.27. For each subreddit we considered a snapshot of one month of data, as a compromise between statistical relevance and change in the system's dynamics. We show results over the whole year 2021 (with each subreddit having twelve snapshots, at most), nevertheless all results were consistent when using a single month or different years. 中文摘要：我们研究了用户数量对在线内容分享和讨论平台Reddit（称为subreddits）中社区活动的影响。我们发现，Reddit上的评论活动呈现出重尾分布，即大部分评论由一小部分用户完成。此外，随着subreddits规模的扩大，这种行为变得更加明显，活动（通过subreddit中的评论数量衡量）更加集中在（相对）较小的核心用户群体中。我们验证了这些变化不能通过有限规模或抽样效应来解释。相反，我们观察到分布随着subreddit规模的系统性变化。为了量化subreddit中活动的集中度和不平等性，我们使用了基尼系数。我们发现，随着subreddits用户数量的增加，基尼系数也随之增加，这似乎是规模扩展的自然结果。我们发现，评论的过剩数量（总评论数减去总用户数）遵循指数为1.27的幂律分布。对于每个subreddit，我们考虑了一个月的数据快照，作为统计相关性和系统动态变化之间的折衷。我们展示了2021年全年的结果（每个subreddit最多有十二个快照），然而，使用单个月份或不同年份时，所有结果都是一致的。

摘要

  • 原文标题：Inferring Galactic Parameters from Chemical Abundances with Simulation-Based Inference
  • 中文标题：基于模拟推理从化学丰度推断银河系参数
  • 发布日期：2025-03-04 10:05:58+00:00
  • 作者：Tobias Buck, Berkay Günes, Giuseppe Viterbo, William H. Oliver, Sven Buder
  • 分类：astro-ph.GA, astro-ph.IM, physics.comp-ph, physics.data-an, physics.space-ph
  • 原文链接：http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.02456v1

原文摘要：Galactic chemical abundances provide crucial insights into fundamental galactic parameters, such as the high-mass slope of the initial mass function (IMF) and the normalization of Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) rates. Constraining these parameters is essential for advancing our understanding of stellar feedback, metal enrichment, and galaxy formation processes. However, traditional Bayesian inference techniques, such as Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC), are computationally prohibitive when applied to large datasets of modern stellar surveys. We leverage simulation-based-inference (SBI) as a scalable, robust, and efficient method for constraining galactic parameters from stellar chemical abundances and demonstrate its the advantages over HMC in terms of speed, scalability, and robustness against model misspecifications. We combine a Galactic Chemical Evolution (GCE) model, CHEMPY, with a neural network emulator and a Neural Posterior Estimator (NPE) to train our SBI pipeline. Mock datasets are generated using CHEMPY, including scenarios with mismatched nucleosynthetic yields, with additional tests conducted on data from a simulated Milky Way-like galaxy. SBI results are benchmarked against HMC-based inference, focusing on computational performance, accuracy, and resilience to systematic discrepancies. SBI achieves a $\sim75,600\times$ speed-up compared to HMC, reducing inference runtime from $\gtrsim42$ hours to mere seconds for thousands of stars. Inference on $1,000$ stars yields precise estimates for the IMF slope ($\alpha_{\rm IMF} = -2.298 \pm 0.002$) and SN Ia normalization ($\log_{10}(N_{\rm Ia}) = -2.885 \pm 0.003$), deviating less than 0.05% from the ground truth. SBI also demonstrates similar robustness to model misspecification than HMC, recovering accurate parameters even with alternate yield tables or data from a cosmological simulation. (shortened...) 中文摘要：银河化学丰度为基本银河参数提供了关键的见解，例如初始质量函数（IMF）的高质量斜率和Ia型超新星（SN Ia）速率的归一化。约束这些参数对于推进我们对恒星反馈、金属富集和星系形成过程的理解至关重要。然而，传统的贝叶斯推断技术，如哈密顿蒙特卡洛（HMC），在处理现代恒星调查的大数据集时计算上是不切实际的。我们利用基于模拟的推断（SBI）作为一种可扩展、稳健且高效的方法，从恒星化学丰度中约束银河参数，并展示了其在速度、可扩展性和对模型错误设定的鲁棒性方面相对于HMC的优势。我们将银河化学演化（GCE）模型CHEMPY与神经网络模拟器和神经后验估计器（NPE）结合，训练我们的SBI管道。使用CHEMPY生成模拟数据集，包括核合成产量不匹配的情景，并在模拟的类似银河系的数据上进行额外测试。SBI结果与基于HMC的推断进行基准测试，重点关注计算性能、准确性和对系统差异的恢复能力。SBI实现了与HMC相比约75,600倍的加速，将数千颗恒星的推断运行时间从超过42小时减少到仅几秒钟。对1,000颗恒星的推断得出了IMF斜率（$\alpha_{\rm IMF} = -2.298 \pm 0.002$）和SN Ia归一化（$\log_{10}(N_{\rm Ia}) = -2.885 \pm 0.003$）的精确估计，与真实值的偏差小于0.05%。SBI还展示了与HMC相似的模型错误设定鲁棒性，即使使用替代的产量表或来自宇宙学模拟的数据，也能恢复准确的参数。（简化...）

摘要

  • 原文标题：Calibration of the mechanical boundary conditions for a patient-specific thoracic aorta model including the heart motion effect
  • 中文标题：患者特异性胸主动脉模型的机械边界条件校准，包括心脏运动效应
  • 发布日期：2025-03-04 10:50:10+00:00
  • 作者：Leonardo Geronzi, Aline Bel-Brunon, Antonio Martinez, Michel Rochette, Marco Sensale, Olivier Bouchot, Alain Lalande, Siyu Lin, Pier Paolo Valentini, Marco Evangelos Biancolini
  • 分类：physics.med-ph, cs.NA, math.NA
  • 原文链接：http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.02485v1

原文摘要：Objective: we propose a procedure for calibrating 4 parameters governing the mechanical boundary conditions (BCs) of a thoracic aorta (TA) model derived from one patient with ascending aortic aneurysm. The BCs reproduce the visco-elastic structural support provided by the soft tissue and the spine and allow for the inclusion of the heart motion effect. Methods: we first segment the TA from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) angiography and derive the heart motion by tracking the aortic annulus from cine-MRI. A rigid-wall fluid-dynamic simulation is performed to derive the time-varying wall pressure field. We build the finite element model considering patient-specific material properties and imposing the derived pressure field and the motion at the annulus boundary. The calibration, which involves the zero-pressure state computation, is based on purely structural simulations. After obtaining the vessel boundaries from the cine-MRI sequences, an iterative procedure is performed to minimize the distance between them and the corresponding boundaries derived from the deformed structural model. A strongly-coupled fluid-structure interaction (FSI) analysis is finally performed with the tuned parameters and compared to the purely structural simulation. Results and Conclusion: the calibration with structural simulations allows to reduce maximum and mean distances between image-derived and simulation-derived boundaries from 8.64 mm to 6.37 mm and from 2.24 mm to 1.83 mm, respectively. The maximum root mean square error between the deformed structural and FSI surface meshes is 0.19 mm. This procedure may prove crucial for increasing the model fidelity in replicating the real aortic root kinematics. 中文摘要：摘要：目标：我们提出了一种用于校准控制患者特异性胸主动脉（TA）模型机械边界条件（BCs）的4个参数的程序，该模型源自一名患有升主动脉瘤的患者。这些边界条件再现了软组织和脊柱提供的粘弹性结构支持，并允许纳入心脏运动效应。方法：我们首先从磁共振成像（MRI）血管造影中分割出胸主动脉，并通过追踪电影MRI中的主动脉环来推导心脏运动。进行刚性壁流体动力学模拟以推导随时间变化的壁压力场。我们构建了有限元模型，考虑了患者特异性材料属性，并施加了推导出的压力场和环边界的运动。校准过程涉及零压力状态计算，基于纯结构模拟。在从电影MRI序列中获得血管边界后，执行迭代程序以最小化它们与从变形结构模型推导出的相应边界之间的距离。最后，使用调整后的参数进行强耦合流体-结构相互作用（FSI）分析，并与纯结构模拟进行比较。结果和结论：通过结构模拟的校准，图像推导和模拟推导的边界之间的最大和平均距离分别从8.64毫米减少到6.37毫米和从2.24毫米减少到1.83毫米。变形结构和FSI表面网格之间的最大均方根误差为0.19毫米。该程序可能对提高模型在复制真实主动脉根部运动学方面的保真度至关重要。

摘要

  • 原文标题：Prospects for Pentaquark Baryon Search with the Upgraded LEPS2 Facility
  • 中文标题：升级版LEPS2设施下五夸克重子搜索的前景
  • 发布日期：2025-03-04 11:47:40+00:00
  • 作者：T. Nakano, S. Ajimura, Y. Asano, S. Dat'e, T. Hashimoto, A. Higashi, T. Hotta, T. Ishikawa, H. Katsuragawa, R. Kobayakawa, H. Kohri, K. Mizutani, Y. Ohashi, H. Ohkuma, S. Y. Ryu, S. Suzuki, S. Tanaka, K. Watanabe, B. Yan, T. Yorita, M. Yosoi, G. Kojima, M. Miyabe, N. Muramatsu, H. Ohnishi, Y. Sada, H. Shimizu, A. O. Tokiyasu, M. Niiyama, K. Nishi, J. K. Ahn, Y. Ma, T. H. Nam, C. Rangacharyulu, M. Sumihama, C. Yoshida
  • 分类：hep-ex, nucl-ex
  • 原文链接：http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.02528v1

原文摘要：We present prospects for the $\Theta^+$ pentaquark baryon search using the newly constructed LEPS2 facility at SPring-8. The LEPS2 detector system features significant improvements in acceptance for multi-particle final states compared to previous experiments. Our search employs two complementary strategies: direct production in the $\gamma n \to K^-\Theta^+$ reaction using a liquid deuterium target with a photon beam up to 2.4 GeV, and $\bar{K}^{*0}$-associated $\Theta^+$ production using a liquid hydrogen target with a photon beam up to 2.9 GeV. The extended acceptance covers both forward and large angle regions, effectively spanning the kinematic regions explored by previous LEPS and CLAS experiments. The large acceptance and improved resolution of LEPS2, combined with these complementary approaches, provide unprecedented sensitivity for establishing the existence of the $\Theta^+$ or placing definitive upper limits on its production. 中文摘要：我们展示了使用SPring-8新建设的LEPS2设施进行$\Theta^+$五夸克重子搜索的前景。LEPS2探测器系统在多粒子末态接受度方面相比之前的实验有显著改进。我们的搜索采用两种互补策略：使用能量高达2.4 GeV的光子束和液态氘靶直接产生$\gamma n \to K^-\Theta^+$反应，以及使用能量高达2.9 GeV的光子束和液态氢靶进行$\bar{K}^{*0}$相关的$\Theta^+$产生。扩展的接受度覆盖了前向和大角度区域，有效涵盖了之前LEPS和CLAS实验探索的运动学区域。LEPS2的大接受度和改进的分辨率，结合这些互补方法，为确定$\Theta^+$的存在或对其产生设定明确的上限提供了前所未有的灵敏度。

摘要

  • 原文标题：A New $\sim 5σ$ Tension at Characteristic Redshift from DESI DR1 and DES-SN5YR observations
  • 中文标题：DESI DR1 和 DES-SN5YR 观测中特征红移处的新 $\sim 5σ$ 张力
  • 发布日期：2025-03-04 18:58:15+00:00
  • 作者：Purba Mukherjee, Anjan A Sen
  • 分类：astro-ph.CO, cs.LG, gr-qc, hep-th
  • 原文链接：http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.02880v1

原文摘要：We perform a model-independent reconstruction of the angular diameter distance ($D_{A}$) using the Multi-Task Gaussian Process (MTGP) framework with DESI-DR1 BAO and DES-SN5YR datasets. We calibrate the comoving sound horizon at the baryon drag epoch $r_d$ to the Planck best-fit value, ensuring consistency with early-universe physics. With the reconstructed $D_A$ at two key redshifts, $z\sim 1.63$ (where $D_{A}^{\prime} =0$) and at $z\sim 0.512$ (where $D_{A}^{\prime} = D_{A}$), we derive the expansion rate of the Universe $H(z)$ at these redshifts. Our findings reveal that at $z\sim 1.63$, the $H(z)$ is fully consistent with the Planck-2018 $\Lambda$CDM prediction, confirming no new physics at that redshift. However, at $z \sim 0.512$, the derived $H(z)$ shows a more than $5\sigma$ discrepancy with the Planck-2018 $\Lambda$CDM prediction, suggesting a possible breakdown of the $\Lambda$CDM model as constrained by Planck-2018 at this lower redshift. This emerging $\sim 5\sigma$ tension at $z\sim 0.512$, distinct from the existing ``Hubble Tension, may signal the first strong evidence for new physics at low redshifts. 中文摘要：我们使用多任务高斯过程（MTGP）框架结合DESI-DR1 BAO和DES-SN5YR数据集，对角直径距离（$D_{A}$）进行了模型无关的重建。我们将重子拖曳时期的共动声视界$r_d$校准为普朗克最佳拟合值，确保与早期宇宙物理学的一致性。通过重建的两个关键红移处的$D_A$，即$z\sim 1.63$（其中$D_{A}^{\prime} =0$）和$z\sim 0.512$（其中$D_{A}^{\prime} = D_{A}$），我们推导了这些红移处的宇宙膨胀率$H(z)$。我们的研究结果表明，在$z\sim 1.63$处，$H(z)$与普朗克-2018 $\Lambda$CDM预测完全一致，确认在该红移处没有新的物理现象。然而，在$z \sim 0.512$处，推导出的$H(z)$与普朗克-2018 $\Lambda$CDM预测显示出超过$5\sigma$的差异，表明在较低红移处，普朗克-2018约束的$\Lambda$CDM模型可能失效。这一在$z\sim 0.512$处新出现的$\sim 5\sigma$张力，与现有的“哈勃张力”不同，可能是低红移处新物理现象的第一个强有力证据。

摘要

  • 原文标题：Trust and Friction: Negotiating How Information Flows Through Decentralized Social Media
  • 中文标题：信任与摩擦：去中心化社交媒体中信息流动的协商
  • 发布日期：2025-03-04 00:29:32+00:00
  • 作者：Sohyeon Hwang, Priyanka Nanayakkara, Yan Shvartzshnaider
  • 分类：cs.HC, cs.CY, cs.SI
  • 原文链接：http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.02150v1

原文摘要：Decentralized social media protocols enable users in independent, user-hosted servers (i.e., instances) to interact with each other while they self-govern. This community-based model of social media governance opens up new opportunities for tailored decision-making about information flows -- i.e., what user data is shared to whom and when -- and in turn, for protecting user privacy. To better understand how community governance shapes privacy expectations on decentralized social media, we conducted a semi-structured interview with 23 users of the Fediverse, a decentralized social media network. Our findings illustrate important factors that shape a community's understandings of information flows, such as rules and proactive efforts from admins who are perceived as trustworthy. We also highlight governance frictions between communities that raise new privacy risks due to incompatibilities in values, security practices, and software. Our findings highlight the unique challenges of decentralized social media, suggest design opportunities to address frictions, and outline the role of participatory decision-making to realize the full potential of decentralization. 中文摘要：去中心化社交媒体协议使得独立、用户托管的服务器（即实例）中的用户可以相互交互，同时实现自我治理。这种基于社区的社交媒体治理模式为信息流的定制决策（即哪些用户数据在何时与谁共享）以及保护用户隐私提供了新的机会。为了更好地理解社区治理如何塑造去中心化社交媒体上的隐私期望，我们对23名Fediverse（一个去中心化社交媒体网络）用户进行了半结构化访谈。我们的研究结果揭示了塑造社区对信息流理解的重要因素，例如被视为可信的管理员的规则和积极努力。我们还强调了社区之间的“治理摩擦”，这些摩擦由于价值观、安全实践和软件的不兼容性而引发新的隐私风险。我们的研究结果突出了去中心化社交媒体的独特挑战，提出了解决摩擦的设计机会，并概述了参与式决策在实现去中心化全部潜力中的作用。

摘要

  • 原文标题：In-Depth Analysis of Automated Acne Disease Recognition and Classification
  • 中文标题：深度分析自动痤疮疾病识别与分类
  • 发布日期：2025-03-04 17:58:44+00:00
  • 作者：Afsana Ahsan Jeny, Masum Shah Junayed, Md Robel Mia, Md Baharul Islam
  • 分类：cs.CV
  • 原文链接：http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.02835v1

原文摘要：Facial acne is a common disease, especially among adolescents, negatively affecting both physically and psychologically. Classifying acne is vital to providing the appropriate treatment. Traditional visual inspection or expert scanning is time-consuming and difficult to differentiate acne types. This paper introduces an automated expert system for acne recognition and classification. The proposed method employs a machine learning-based technique to classify and evaluate six types of acne diseases to facilitate the diagnosis of dermatologists. The pre-processing phase includes contrast improvement, smoothing filter, and RGB to L*a*b color conversion to eliminate noise and improve the classification accuracy. Then, a clustering-based segmentation method, k-means clustering, is applied for segmenting the disease-affected regions that pass through the feature extraction step. Characteristics of these disease-affected regions are extracted based on a combination of gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) and Statistical features. Finally, five different machine learning classifiers are employed to classify acne diseases. Experimental results show that the Random Forest (RF) achieves the highest accuracy of 98.50%, which is promising compared to the state-of-the-art methods. 中文摘要：面部痤疮是一种常见疾病，尤其在青少年中，对身体和心理都有负面影响。痤疮的分类对于提供适当的治疗至关重要。传统的视觉检查或专家扫描耗时且难以区分痤疮类型。本文介绍了一种用于痤疮识别和分类的自动化专家系统。所提出的方法采用基于机器学习的技术对六种痤疮疾病进行分类和评估，以辅助皮肤科医生的诊断。预处理阶段包括对比度增强、平滑滤波和RGB到L*a*b颜色转换，以消除噪声并提高分类准确性。然后，应用基于聚类的分割方法——k均值聚类，对通过特征提取步骤的疾病影响区域进行分割。这些疾病影响区域的特征基于灰度共生矩阵（GLCM）和统计特征的组合进行提取。最后，采用五种不同的机器学习分类器对痤疮疾病进行分类。实验结果表明，随机森林（RF）达到了98.50%的最高准确率，与现有最先进的方法相比具有显著优势。

摘要

  • 原文标题：Evaluating a Digital Speech Therapy App for Stuttering: A Pilot Validation Study
  • 中文标题：评估一款针对口吃的数字语音治疗应用：一项试点验证研究
  • 发布日期：2025-03-04 16:07:16+00:00
  • 作者：Urvisha Shethia, Vedali Inamdar, Viraj Kulkarni
  • 分类：cs.HC
  • 原文链接：http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.02743v1

原文摘要：Stuttering is a speech disorder that disrupts fluency and often leads to significant psychological and social challenges. This study evaluates the effectiveness of Eloquent, a digital speech therapy app, by analyzing pre-therapy and post-therapy speech samples using the Stuttering Severity Index-4 (SSI-4) and the S24 communication and attitude scale. Results indicate significant improvements in fluency, with reductions in SSI-4 scores across reading, speaking, duration, and physical concomitant metrics. Additionally, participants demonstrated a more positive attitude towards communication post-therapy, as evidenced by lower S24 scores. These findings highlight the potential of technology-driven, structured speech therapy interventions to deliver measurable improvements in stuttering severity and communication confidence. 中文摘要：口吃是一种影响言语流畅性的语言障碍，常导致显著的心理和社会挑战。本研究通过使用口吃严重程度指数-4（SSI-4）和S24沟通与态度量表，分析治疗前后的言语样本，评估了数字言语治疗应用Eloquent的有效性。结果表明，在阅读、说话、持续时间和身体伴随指标方面，SSI-4得分显著降低，流畅性显著提高。此外，参与者在治疗后的沟通态度更加积极，S24得分降低证明了这一点。这些发现突显了技术驱动的结构化言语治疗干预在改善口吃严重程度和沟通信心方面的潜力。

摘要

  • 原文标题：Toward Filling a Critical Knowledge Gap: Charting the Interactions of Age with Task and Visualization
  • 中文标题：填补关键知识空白：年龄与任务及可视化的交互关系研究
  • 发布日期：2025-03-04 15:17:12+00:00
  • 作者：Zack While, Ali Sarvghad
  • 分类：cs.HC
  • 原文链接：http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.02699v1

原文摘要：We present the results of a study comparing the performance of younger adults (YA) and people in late adulthood (PLA) across ten low-level analysis tasks and five basic visualizations, employing Bayesian regression to aggregate and model participant performance. We analyzed performance at the task level and across combinations of tasks and visualizations, reporting measures of performance at aggregate and individual levels. These analyses showed that PLA on average required more time to complete tasks while demonstrating comparable accuracy. Furthermore, at the individual level, PLA exhibited greater heterogeneity in task performance as well as differences in best-performing visualization types for some tasks. We contribute empirical knowledge on how age interacts with analysis task and visualization type and use these results to offer actionable insights and design recommendations for aging-inclusive visualization design. We invite the visualization research community to further investigate aging-aware data visualization. Supplementary materials can be found at https://osf.io/a7xtz/. 中文摘要：我们展示了一项研究的结果，该研究比较了年轻成年人（YA）和晚年成年人（PLA）在十项低层次分析任务和五种基本可视化中的表现，采用贝叶斯回归来聚合和建模参与者的表现。我们分析了任务层面以及任务与可视化组合的表现，报告了整体和个体层面的表现指标。这些分析表明，PLA平均需要更多时间完成任务，同时表现出相当的准确性。此外，在个体层面，PLA在任务表现上表现出更大的异质性，并且在某些任务中表现最佳的可视化类型也存在差异。我们贡献了关于年龄如何与分析任务和可视化类型交互的实证知识，并利用这些结果为包容老龄化的可视化设计提供了可行的见解和设计建议。我们邀请可视化研究社区进一步研究老龄化感知的数据可视化。补充材料可以在 https://osf.io/a7xtz/ 找到。

摘要

  • 原文标题：High Speed Imagery Analysis of Droplet Impact on Soft Oil Infused Surface
  • 中文标题：高速影像分析：液滴在软油浸润表面的撞击
  • 发布日期：2025-03-04 18:48:57+00:00
  • 作者：Shubham S. Ganar, Deepak J., Arindam Das
  • 分类：physics.flu-dyn
  • 原文链接：http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.02871v1

原文摘要：Droplet impact on solid liquid-infused surfaces (LIS) has been widely explored due to its significant scientific implications and industrial relevance. In most studies, the predominant impact behavior observed is complete droplet rebound. In This study we investigated the influence of octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) functionalization and oil coatings on the droplet impact dynamics of smooth polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surfaces. We conducted droplet impact experiments on smooth PDMS functionalized with OTS and subsequently coated or absorbed with two different oils, silicone oil (5cSt) and hexadecane, to create Van der Waals and non-Van der Waals SLIP surfaces. Contact angle measurements revealed that OTS functionalization reduced adhesion and increased water repellency, facilitating partial droplet rebound upon impact. Oil-coated surfaces exhibited reduced droplet spreading due to viscous resistance, while absorbed oils altered surface flexibility, influencing impact dynamics. PDMS samples absorbed with silicone oil demonstrated complete droplet rebound at all Weber numbers, whereas hexadecane-absorbed surfaces exhibited limited spreading and no rebound, highlighting the significance of oil-PDMS interactions. High-speed imaging and quantitative analysis confirmed that surface functionalization and oil interactions critically affect droplet spreading, recoil, and rebound behavior. These findings provide insights into optimizing liquid-repellent surfaces for applications such as self-cleaning coatings and droplet transport systems. 中文摘要：液滴撞击固体液体注入表面（LIS）因其重要的科学意义和工业相关性而被广泛研究。在大多数研究中，观察到的主要撞击行为是完全液滴反弹。在本研究中，我们研究了十八烷基三氯硅烷（OTS）功能化和油涂层对光滑聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）表面液滴撞击动力学的影响。我们在OTS功能化的光滑PDMS上进行了液滴撞击实验，随后涂覆或吸收两种不同的油，硅油（5cSt）和十六烷，以创建范德华和非范德华SLIP表面。接触角测量显示，OTS功能化减少了粘附并增加了防水性，促进了撞击时的部分液滴反弹。油涂层表面由于粘性阻力减少了液滴的扩散，而吸收的油改变了表面柔韧性，影响了撞击动力学。吸收硅油的PDMS样品在所有韦伯数下都表现出完全的液滴反弹，而吸收十六烷的表面表现出有限的扩散且无反弹，突出了油与PDMS相互作用的重要性。高速成像和定量分析证实，表面功能化和油相互作用对液滴扩散、回缩和反弹行为有重要影响。这些发现为优化自清洁涂层和液滴传输系统等应用中的液体排斥表面提供了见解。

摘要

  • 原文标题：Generative Tools for Graphical Assets: Empirical Guidelines based on Game Designers' and Developers' Preferences
  • 中文标题：图形资产生成工具：基于游戏设计师和开发者偏好的实证指南
  • 发布日期：2025-03-04 15:18:50+00:00
  • 作者：Kaisei Fukaya, Damon Daylamani-Zad, Harry Agius
  • 分类：cs.HC, cs.AI
  • 原文链接：http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.02703v1

原文摘要：Graphical assets play an important role in the design and development of games. There is potential in the use of generative tools, to aid in creating graphical assets, thus improving game design and development pipelines. However, there is little research to address how the generative methods can fit into the wider pipeline. We conducted a user study with 16 game designers and developers to examine their preferences regarding generative tools for graphical assets. The findings highlight that early design stage is preferred by all participants (mean values above 0.67 and p < .001 for early stages). Designers and developers prefer to use such tools for creating large amounts of variations at the cost of quality as they can improve the quality of the artefacts once they generate a suitable asset (mean value 0.17 where 1 is high quality, p < .001). They also strongly (mean value .78, p < .001) raised the need for better integration of such tools in existing design and development environments and the need for the outputs to be in common data formats, to be manipulatable and integrate smoothly into existing environments (mean 3.5 out of 5, p = .004). The study also highlights the requirement for further emphasis on the needs of the users to incorporate these tools effectively in existing pipelines. Informed by these results, we provide a set of guidelines for creating tools that meet the expectations and needs of game designers and developers. 中文摘要：图形资源在游戏的设计和开发中扮演着重要角色。生成工具在辅助创建图形资源方面具有潜力，从而改进游戏设计和开发流程。然而，关于生成方法如何融入更广泛的流程的研究较少。我们进行了一项用户研究，调查了16名游戏设计师和开发者对图形资源生成工具的偏好。研究结果表明，所有参与者都倾向于在早期设计阶段使用这些工具（早期阶段的平均值高于0.67，p < .001）。设计师和开发者更愿意使用这些工具以牺牲质量为代价创建大量变体，因为他们可以在生成合适的资源后提高其质量（平均值为0.17，其中1表示高质量，p < .001）。他们还强烈（平均值为0.78，p < .001）提出了将这些工具更好地集成到现有设计和开发环境中的需求，并要求输出为常见的数据格式，以便能够操作并顺利集成到现有环境中（平均值为3.5分，满分为5分，p = .004）。研究还强调了进一步关注用户需求的重要性，以便有效地将这些工具纳入现有流程。基于这些结果，我们提供了一套指导原则，用于创建满足游戏设计师和开发者期望和需求的工具。

摘要

  • 原文标题：InSerter: Speech Instruction Following with Unsupervised Interleaved Pre-training
  • 中文标题：InSerter：通过无监督交错预训练实现语音指令跟随
  • 发布日期：2025-03-04 16:34:14+00:00
  • 作者：Dingdong Wang, Jin Xu, Ruihang Chu, Zhifang Guo, Xiong Wang, Jincenzi Wu, Dongchao Yang, Shengpeng Ji, Junyang Lin
  • 分类：cs.SD, cs.CL, cs.HC, eess.AS
  • 原文链接：http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.02769v1

原文摘要：Recent advancements in speech large language models (SpeechLLMs) have attracted considerable attention. Nonetheless, current methods exhibit suboptimal performance in adhering to speech instructions. Notably, the intelligence of models significantly diminishes when processing speech-form input as compared to direct text-form input. Prior work has attempted to mitigate this semantic inconsistency between speech and text representations through techniques such as representation and behavior alignment, which involve the meticulous design of data pairs during the post-training phase. In this paper, we introduce a simple and scalable training method called InSerter, which stands for Interleaved Speech-Text Representation Pre-training. InSerter is designed to pre-train large-scale unsupervised speech-text sequences, where the speech is synthesized from randomly selected segments of an extensive text corpus using text-to-speech conversion. Consequently, the model acquires the ability to generate textual continuations corresponding to the provided speech segments, obviating the need for intensive data design endeavors. To systematically evaluate speech instruction-following capabilities, we introduce SpeechInstructBench, the first comprehensive benchmark specifically designed for speech-oriented instruction-following tasks. Our proposed InSerter achieves SOTA performance in SpeechInstructBench and demonstrates superior or competitive results across diverse speech processing tasks. 中文摘要：近年来，语音大语言模型（SpeechLLMs）的进展引起了广泛关注。然而，当前方法在遵循语音指令方面表现欠佳。值得注意的是，与直接处理文本输入相比，模型在处理语音输入时的智能显著下降。先前的研究尝试通过表示和行为对齐等技术来缓解语音和文本表示之间的语义不一致问题，这些技术涉及在训练后阶段精心设计数据对。在本文中，我们提出了一种简单且可扩展的训练方法，称为InSerter，即交错语音-文本表示预训练。InSerter旨在预训练大规模无监督的语音-文本序列，其中语音是通过文本到语音转换从大量文本语料库中随机选择的片段合成的。因此，模型能够生成与提供的语音片段相对应的文本延续，从而避免了密集的数据设计工作。为了系统评估语音指令遵循能力，我们引入了SpeechInstructBench，这是第一个专门为面向语音的指令遵循任务设计的综合基准。我们提出的InSerter在SpeechInstructBench中实现了最先进的性能，并在各种语音处理任务中展示了优越或具有竞争力的结果。

摘要

  • 原文标题：Aggregation Strategies for Efficient Annotation of Bioacoustic Sound Events Using Active Learning
  • 中文标题：使用主动学习进行生物声学声音事件高效标注的聚合策略
  • 发布日期：2025-03-04 09:08:33+00:00
  • 作者：Richard Lindholm, Oscar Marklund, Olof Mogren, John Martinsson
  • 分类：cs.SD, cs.LG, eess.AS
  • 原文链接：http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.02422v1

原文摘要：The vast amounts of audio data collected in Sound Event Detection (SED) applications require efficient annotation strategies to enable supervised learning. Manual labeling is expensive and time-consuming, making Active Learning (AL) a promising approach for reducing annotation effort. We introduce Top K Entropy, a novel uncertainty aggregation strategy for AL that prioritizes the most uncertain segments within an audio recording, instead of averaging uncertainty across all segments. This approach enables the selection of entire recordings for annotation, improving efficiency in sparse data scenarios. We compare Top K Entropy to random sampling and Mean Entropy, and show that fewer labels can lead to the same model performance, particularly in datasets with sparse sound events. Evaluations are conducted on audio mixtures of sound recordings from parks with meerkat, dog, and baby crying sound events, representing real-world bioacoustic monitoring scenarios. Using Top K Entropy for active learning, we can achieve comparable performance to training on the fully labeled dataset with only 8% of the labels. Top K Entropy outperforms Mean Entropy, suggesting that it is best to let the most uncertain segments represent the uncertainty of an audio file. The findings highlight the potential of AL for scalable annotation in audio and time-series applications, including bioacoustics. 中文摘要：在声音事件检测（SED）应用中，收集的大量音频数据需要高效的标注策略以支持监督学习。手动标注既昂贵又耗时，因此主动学习（AL）成为减少标注工作量的有前景的方法。我们提出了一种新的不确定性聚合策略——Top K Entropy，它优先考虑音频记录中最不确定的片段，而不是对所有片段的不确定性进行平均。这种方法使得可以选择整个录音进行标注，从而在稀疏数据场景中提高效率。我们将Top K Entropy与随机采样和Mean Entropy进行比较，结果表明，使用更少的标签可以达到相同的模型性能，尤其是在包含稀疏声音事件的数据集中。评估是在包含猫鼬、狗和婴儿哭声的公园录音的音频混合物上进行的，代表了现实世界的生物声学监测场景。使用Top K Entropy进行主动学习，我们仅需8%的标签即可达到与完全标注数据集训练相当的性能。Top K Entropy优于Mean Entropy，表明让最不确定的片段代表音频文件的不确定性是最佳选择。这些发现突显了主动学习在音频和时间序列应用（包括生物声学）中可扩展标注的潜力。

摘要

  • 原文标题：Chemically resolved nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy by longitudinal magnetization detection with a diamond magnetometer
  • 中文标题：基于纵向磁化检测的化学分辨核磁共振光谱技术
  • 发布日期：2025-03-04 00:16:05+00:00
  • 作者：Janis Smits, Yaser Silani, Zaili Peng, Bryan A. Richards, Andrew F. McDowell, Joshua T. Damron, Maxwell D. Aiello, Maziar Saleh Ziabari, Andrey Jarmola, Victor M. Acosta
  • 分类：physics.ins-det, physics.app-ph, physics.chem-ph, physics.optics, quant-ph
  • 原文链接：http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.02140v1

原文摘要：Non-inductive magnetometers based on solid-state spins offer a promising solution for small-volume nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) detection. A remaining challenge is to operate at a sufficiently high magnetic field to resolve chemical shifts at the part-per-billion level. Here, we demonstrate a Ramsey-M_z protocol that uses Ramsey interferometry to convert an analyte's transverse spin precession into a longitudinal magnetization (M_z), which is subsequently modulated and detected with a diamond magnetometer. We record NMR spectra at B0=0.32 T with a fractional spectral resolution of ~350 ppb, limited by the stability of the electromagnet bias field. We perform NMR spectroscopy on a ~1 nL detection volume of ethanol and resolve the chemical shift structure with negligible distortion. Through simulation, we show that the protocol can be extended to fields up to B0=3 T, with minimal spectral distortion, using composite nuclear-spin inversion pulses. For sub-nanoliter analyte volumes, we estimate a resolution of ~1 ppb and concentration sensitivity of ~40 mM s^{1/2} is feasible with improvements to the sensor design. Our results establish diamond magnetometers as high-resolution NMR detectors in the moderate magnetic field regime, with potential applications in metabolomics and pharmaceutical research. 中文摘要：基于固态自旋的非感应磁力计为小体积核磁共振（NMR）检测提供了一种有前景的解决方案。一个尚未解决的挑战是在足够高的磁场下运行，以解析十亿分之一水平的化学位移。在这里，我们展示了一种Ramsey-M_z协议，该协议使用Ramsey干涉法将分析物的横向自旋进动转换为纵向磁化（M_z），随后用金刚石磁力计进行调制和检测。我们在B0=0.32 T下记录了NMR光谱，光谱分辨率约为350 ppb，受限于电磁铁偏置场的稳定性。我们对约1 nL的乙醇检测体积进行了NMR光谱分析，并以可忽略的失真解析了化学位移结构。通过模拟，我们展示了该协议可以扩展到B0=3 T的磁场，使用复合核自旋反转脉冲，光谱失真最小。对于亚纳升分析物体积，我们估计通过改进传感器设计，可以实现约1 ppb的分辨率和约40 mM s^{1/2}的浓度灵敏度。我们的研究结果表明，金刚石磁力计在中等磁场范围内作为高分辨率NMR检测器具有潜力，在代谢组学和药物研究中具有潜在应用。

摘要

  • 原文标题：(How) Do Language Models Track State?
  • 中文标题：（如何）语言模型跟踪状态？
  • 发布日期：2025-03-04 18:31:02+00:00
  • 作者：Belinda Z. Li, Zifan Carl Guo, Jacob Andreas
  • 分类：cs.CL, cs.AI, cs.LG
  • 原文链接：http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.02854v1

原文摘要：Transformer language models (LMs) exhibit behaviors -- from storytelling to code generation -- that appear to require tracking the unobserved state of an evolving world. How do they do so? We study state tracking in LMs trained or fine-tuned to compose permutations (i.e., to compute the order of a set of objects after a sequence of swaps). Despite the simple algebraic structure of this problem, many other tasks (e.g., simulation of finite automata and evaluation of boolean expressions) can be reduced to permutation composition, making it a natural model for state tracking in general. We show that LMs consistently learn one of two state tracking mechanisms for this task. The first closely resembles the "associative scan" construction used in recent theoretical work by Liu et al. (2023) and Merrill et al. (2024). The second uses an easy-to-compute feature (permutation parity) to partially prune the space of outputs, then refines this with an associative scan. The two mechanisms exhibit markedly different robustness properties, and we show how to steer LMs toward one or the other with intermediate training tasks that encourage or suppress the heuristics. Our results demonstrate that transformer LMs, whether pretrained or fine-tuned, can learn to implement efficient and interpretable state tracking mechanisms, and the emergence of these mechanisms can be predicted and controlled. 中文摘要：Transformer 语言模型（LMs）表现出从讲故事到代码生成等行为，这些行为似乎需要跟踪一个不断演化的世界的未观察状态。它们是如何做到这一点的？我们研究了在训练或微调后用于排列组合（即计算一组对象在一系列交换后的顺序）的语言模型中的状态跟踪。尽管这个问题的代数结构简单，但许多其他任务（例如有限自动机的模拟和布尔表达式的评估）可以简化为排列组合，使其成为一般状态跟踪的自然模型。我们展示了语言模型在此任务中一致地学习两种状态跟踪机制之一。第一种机制与 Liu 等人（2023）和 Merrill 等人（2024）最近理论工作中使用的“关联扫描”构造非常相似。第二种机制使用易于计算的特征（排列奇偶性）来部分修剪输出空间，然后通过关联扫描进行细化。这两种机制表现出显著不同的鲁棒性特性，我们展示了如何通过鼓励或抑制启发式的中间训练任务来引导语言模型选择其中一种机制。我们的结果表明，无论是预训练还是微调的 Transformer 语言模型，都可以学习实现高效且可解释的状态跟踪机制，并且这些机制的出现可以被预测和控制。

摘要

  • 原文标题：Sparse Meets Dense: Unified Generative Recommendations with Cascaded Sparse-Dense Representations
  • 中文标题：稀疏与密集相遇：基于级联稀疏-密集表示的统一生成推荐
  • 发布日期：2025-03-04 10:00:05+00:00
  • 作者：Yuhao Yang, Zhi Ji, Zhaopeng Li, Yi Li, Zhonglin Mo, Yue Ding, Kai Chen, Zijian Zhang, Jie Li, Shuanglong Li, Lin Liu
  • 分类：cs.IR, cs.AI
  • 原文链接：http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.02453v1

中文摘要：生成模型最近在推荐系统中受到关注，通过直接从用户交互序列中预测项目标识符。然而，现有方法由于量化、序列建模等阶段的分离，导致信息丢失严重，阻碍了其实现序列密集检索技术的建模精度和准确性。将生成方法与密集检索方法集成仍然是一个关键挑战。为了解决这一问题，我们引入了级联组织双表示生成检索（COBRA）框架，该框架通过级联过程创新性地集成了稀疏语义ID和密集向量。我们的方法通过首先生成稀疏ID来交替生成这些表示，稀疏ID作为条件帮助生成密集向量。端到端训练能够动态优化密集表示，捕捉用户-项目交互中的语义洞察和协作信号。在推理过程中，COBRA采用从粗到细的策略，从稀疏ID生成开始，并通过生成模型将其细化为密集向量。我们进一步提出了BeamFusion，这是一种将束搜索与最近邻分数相结合的创新方法，以增强推理的灵活性和推荐的多样性。在公共数据集和离线测试上的大量实验验证了我们方法的鲁棒性。在一个拥有超过2亿日活跃用户的真实广告平台上进行的在线A/B测试表明，关键指标有显著提升，凸显了COBRA的实际优势。

摘要

  • 原文标题：Meson dynamics from locally exciting a particle-conserving $Z_2$ lattice gauge theory
  • 中文标题：从局部激发粒子守恒的$Z_2$晶格规范理论中的介子动力学
  • 发布日期：2025-03-04 17:09:44+00:00
  • 作者：Vaibhav Sharma, Kaden R. A. Hazzard
  • 分类：quant-ph, cond-mat.quant-gas, hep-lat, hep-ph
  • 原文链接：http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.02791v1

中文摘要：量子模拟晶格规范理论是获取粒子物理现象和受限量子多体动力学洞察的重要途径。当前量子模拟器上可实现的晶格规范理论中，对高能碰撞现象类比的探测兴趣日益增长。受此启发，我们描述了在一维粒子守恒的$Z_2$晶格规范理论中，由局部高能激发产生的受限介子。我们专注于一个简单且实验上可实现的设置，该设置不需要准备碰撞波包，并隔离了规范场约束强度和初始态能量对传播激发性质的影响。我们发现动力学特征表现为不同大小介子的叠加传播。线性约束导致介子大小随时间振荡。平均介子大小和振荡频率由规范场约束强度控制。在恒定约束场下，平均介子长度由初始激发能量控制。更高的能量产生更长的介子，其有效质量强烈依赖于其大小：更长的介子从中心激发传播得更慢。不同大小的介子由于速度不同而随时间进行空间过滤。我们展示了这种现象学是线性约束的结果，并且在强约束和弱约束极限下都有效。我们提供了这些现象的简单解释，并得到了精确数值的支持。

摘要

  • 原文标题：Weakly-Constrained 4D Var for Downscaling with Uncertainty using Data-Driven Surrogate Models
  • 中文标题：使用数据驱动代理模型进行不确定性降尺度的弱约束四维变分方法
  • 发布日期：2025-03-04 14:33:54+00:00
  • 作者：Philip Dinenis, Vishwas Rao, Mihai Anitescu
  • 分类：physics.ao-ph, cs.LG, math.OC
  • 原文链接：http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.02665v1

中文摘要：动态降尺度通常涉及使用数值天气预报（NWP）求解器将粗数据细化到更高的空间分辨率。数据驱动模型（如FourCastNet）已成为传统NWP模型的有前景的替代方案，用于预测。一旦这些模型被训练，它们能够在几秒钟内提供预测，比经典NWP模型快数千倍。然而，随着预测时间（即预测窗口）的增加，这些模型显示出不稳定性，因为它们倾向于偏离现实。在本文中，我们提出使用数据同化方法来稳定它们在降尺度任务中的应用。数据同化使用来自三个不同来源的信息，即基于偏微分方程（PDE）的不完美计算模型、噪声观测和反映不确定性的先验信息。在这项工作中，在进行动态降尺度时，我们用FourCastNet替换了计算成本高昂的基于PDE的NWP模型，并在一个“弱约束4DVar框架”中考虑了隐含的模型误差。我们展示了这种方法在飓风跟踪问题中的有效性；此外，4DVar框架自然地允许表达和量化不确定性。我们使用ERA5数据证明，我们的方法在预测准确性和预测不确定性方面均优于集合卡尔曼滤波（EnKF）和未稳定的FourCastNet模型。

摘要

  • 原文标题：Deep Learning-Enhanced Visual Monitoring in Hazardous Underwater Environments with a Swarm of Micro-Robots
  • 中文标题：深度学习增强的视觉监测在危险水下环境中的应用：基于微型机器人群体
  • 发布日期：2025-03-04 16:19:06+00:00
  • 作者：Shuang Chen, Yifeng He, Barry Lennox, Farshad Arvin, Amir Atapour-Abarghouei
  • 分类：cs.RO, cs.CV
  • 原文链接：http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.02752v1

中文摘要：长期监测和探索极端环境，如水下储存设施，成本高、劳动强度大且危险。通过低成本协作机器人自动化这一过程可以大大提高效率。这些机器人从不同位置捕捉图像，必须同时处理这些图像以创建设施的时空模型。在本文中，我们提出了一种新方法，集成了数据模拟、用于坐标预测的多模态深度学习网络和图像重组，以应对环境干扰导致机器人位置和方向漂移和旋转的挑战。我们的方法通过整合来自快照的视觉信息、来自掩码的全局位置上下文以及噪声坐标，提高了在噪声环境中的对齐精度。我们通过使用模拟真实世界水下环境中机器人操作的合成数据进行了广泛的实验验证。结果表明，坐标预测精度非常高，图像组装合理，表明我们的方法在实际应用中的可行性。组装的图像提供了清晰连贯的水下环境视图，用于有效的监测和检查，展示了在极端环境中更广泛应用的潜力，进一步有助于提高危险现场监测的安全性、效率和成本降低。代码可在 https://github.com/ChrisChen1023/Micro-Robot-Swarm 获取。

摘要

  • 原文标题：Flexible Prefrontal Control over Hippocampal Episodic Memory for Goal-Directed Generalization
  • 中文标题：灵活的前额叶控制海马情景记忆以实现目标导向的泛化
  • 发布日期：2025-03-04 06:04:54+00:00
  • 作者：Yicong Zheng, Nora Wolf, Charan Ranganath, Randall C. O'Reilly, Kevin L. McKee
  • 分类：cs.NE, cs.AI, cs.LG
  • 原文链接：http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.02303v1

中文摘要：许多任务需要根据当前目标灵活调整感知和行为。人类能够检索从几天到几年前的情景记忆，并利用这些记忆在新颖但结构相关的情境中进行行为的情境化和泛化。大脑根据任务需求控制情景记忆的能力通常归因于前额叶皮层（PFC）和海马体（HPC）之间的相互作用。我们提出了一种强化学习模型，该模型结合了PFC-HPC相互作用机制，用于目标导向的泛化。在我们的模型中，PFC学习生成查询-键表示，以编码和检索与目标相关的情景记忆，并根据当前任务需求自上而下地调节HPC记忆。此外，当面对以块状而非交错方式呈现的多个目标时，PFC会动态调整其编码和检索策略。我们的结果表明：（1）将工作记忆与选择性检索的情景记忆相结合，可以在相似环境或情境之间传递决策；（2）与自下而上的感官驱动方法相比，PFC对HPC的自上而下控制提高了对事件之间任意结构关联的学习，从而能够泛化到新环境；（3）PFC在编码和检索与目标相关的记忆时都编码了可泛化的表示，而HPC则表现出事件特定的表示。这些发现共同强调了目标导向的前额叶控制对海马情景记忆在新情境中决策的重要性，并提出了一种计算机制，通过该机制，PFC-HPC相互作用实现了灵活的行为。

摘要

  • 原文标题：Deepfake-Eval-2024: A Multi-Modal In-the-Wild Benchmark of Deepfakes Circulated in 2024
  • 中文标题：Deepfake-Eval-2024：2024年传播的多模态野外深度伪造基准
  • 发布日期：2025-03-04 18:33:22+00:00
  • 作者：Nuria Alina Chandra, Ryan Murtfeldt, Lin Qiu, Arnab Karmakar, Hannah Lee, Emmanuel Tanumihardja, Kevin Farhat, Ben Caffee, Sejin Paik, Changyeon Lee, Jongwook Choi, Aerin Kim, Oren Etzioni
  • 分类：cs.CV, cs.AI, cs.CY
  • 原文链接：http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.02857v1

中文摘要：在生成式人工智能日益逼真的时代，强大的深度伪造检测对于减少欺诈和虚假信息至关重要。尽管许多深度伪造检测器在学术数据集上报告了高准确率，但我们发现这些学术基准已经过时，并不能代表最新的深度伪造技术。我们引入了Deepfake-Eval-2024，这是一个新的深度伪造检测基准，包含从社交媒体和深度伪造检测平台用户收集的2024年真实世界中的深度伪造数据。Deepfake-Eval-2024包含44小时的视频、56.5小时的音频和1,975张图像，涵盖了最新的操纵技术。该基准包含来自88个不同网站、52种不同语言的多样化媒体内容。我们发现，当在Deepfake-Eval-2024上评估时，开源的最先进深度伪造检测模型的性能急剧下降，与之前的基准相比，视频模型的AUC下降了50%，音频模型下降了48%，图像模型下降了45%。我们还评估了商业深度伪造检测模型和在Deepfake-Eval-2024上微调的模型，发现它们的性能优于现成的开源模型，但尚未达到人类深度伪造取证分析师的准确率。该数据集可在https://github.com/nuriachandra/Deepfake-Eval-2024获取。

摘要

  • 原文标题：Shakespearean Sparks: The Dance of Hallucination and Creativity in LLMs' Decoding Layers
  • 中文标题：莎士比亚的火花：大语言模型解码层中幻觉与创造力的舞蹈
  • 发布日期：2025-03-04 18:27:00+00:00
  • 作者：Zicong He, Boxuan Zhang, Lu Cheng
  • 分类：cs.CL
  • 原文链接：http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.02851v1

中文摘要：大型语言模型（LLMs）已知会产生幻觉，这种现象通常与创造力相关联。尽管先前的研究主要通过理论或定性视角探索这种联系，但我们的工作采用定量方法，系统地研究了LLMs中幻觉与创造力之间的关系。鉴于创造力的复杂性，我们提出了一个针对LLMs的狭义定义，并引入了一个评估框架HCL，该框架量化了LLMs在解码过程中不同层的幻觉和创造力。我们的实证分析揭示了幻觉与创造力之间的权衡，这种权衡在不同层深度、模型类型和模型大小中保持一致。值得注意的是，在不同模型架构中，我们在每个模型大小中识别出一个特定层，该层能够最佳地平衡这种权衡。此外，最优层往往出现在较大模型的早期层，并且模型在该层的置信度也显著更高。这些发现提供了一个定量视角，为LLM创造力与幻觉之间的相互作用提供了新的见解。我们的实验代码和数据可在https://github.com/ZicongHe2002/HCL-Spark获取。

取自“http://zh.wikiedge.org/index.php?title=WikiEdge:ArXiv速递/2025-03-04&oldid=2780”